5. Attia YA, Al-Harthi MA, El-Shafey AS, Rehab YA, Kim WK. Enhancing tolerance of broiler chickens to heat stress by supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin C and/or probiotics. Ann Anim Sci 2017;17:1155–69.
https://doi.org/10.1515/aoas-2017-0012
6. Deng W, Dong XF, Tong JM, Zhang Q. The probiotic
Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens. Poult Sci 2012;91:575–82.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-01293
7. Jahromi MF, Altaher YW, Shokryazdan P, et al. Dietary supplementation of a mixture of
Lactobacillus strains enhances performance of broiler chickens raised under heat stress conditions. Int J Biometeorol 2016;60:1099–110.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-015-1103-x
8. Gasparino E, Vesco APD, Khatlab AS, Zancanela V, Grieser DO, Silva SCC. Effects of methionine hydroxy analogue supplementation on the expression of antioxidant-related genes of acute heat stress-exposed broilers. Animal 2018;12:931–9.
https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731117002439
9. Mastrangelo G, Marangi G, Ballarin MN, et al. The effects of organic acid and Origanum onites supplementations on some physical and microbial characteristics of broiler meat obtained from broilers kept under seasonal heat stress. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak 2010;16:S41–6.
11. Adil S, Banday T, Bhat GA, Mir MS, Rehman M. Effect of dietary supplementation of organic acids on performance, intestinal histomorphology, and serum biochemistry of broiler chicken. Vet Med Int 2010;78:Article ID479485.
https://doi.org/10.4061/2010/479485
12. Attia YA, Abd El-Hamid AE, Ellakany HF, Bovera F, Al-Harthi MA, Ghazaly SA. Growing and laying performance of Japanese quail fed diet supplemented with different concentrations of acetic acid. Ital J Anim Sci 2013;12:e37.
https://doi.org/10.4081/ijas.2013.e37
13. National Research Council. Nutrient requirements of poultry: 9th Revised Edition. Washington, DC, USA: National Academy Press; 1994. 3:p. 101
https://doi.org/10.1093/japr/3.1.101
14. Bai SP, Wu AM, Ding XM, et al. Effects of probiotic-supplemented diets on growth performance and intestinal immune characteristics of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2013;92:663–70.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2012-02813
15. Wang Y, Du W, Lei K, et al. Effects of dietary
Bacillus licheniformis on gut physical barrier, immunity, and reproductive hormones of laying hens. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2017;9:292–9.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-017-9252-3
17. Paul SK, Halder G, Mondal MK, Samanta G. Effect of organic acid salt on the performance and gut health of broiler chicken. J Poult Sci 2007;44:389–95.
https://doi.org/10.2141/jpsa.44.389
18. Sultan A, Ullah T, Khan S, Khan RU. Effect of organic acid supplementation on the performance and ileal microflora of broiler during finishing period. Pak J Zool 2015;47:635–9.
19. Gunal M, Yayli G, Kaya O, Karahan N, Sulak O. The effects of antibiotic growth promoter, probiotic or organic acid supplementation on performance, intestinal microflora and tissue of broilers. Int J Poult Sci 2006;5:149–55.
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2006.149.155
20. Haque MN, Islam KMS, Akbar MA, et al. Effect of dietary citric acid, flavomycin and their combination on the performance, tibia ash and immune status of broiler. Can J Anim Sci 2010;90:57–63.
https://doi.org/10.4141/CJAS09048
21. Rahman A, Saima; Pasha TN, Akram M, Abbas Y, Ullah S. Supplementation of exogenous enzymes and organic acid in broiler diets. Eurasian J Vet Sci 2015;31:163–9.
22. Garcia V, Catala-Gregori P, Hernandez F, Megias MD, Madrid J. Effect of formic acid and plant extracts on growth, nutrient digestibility, intestine mucosa morphology, and meat yield of broilers. J Appl Poult Res 2007;16:555–62.
https://doi.org/10.3382/japr.2006-00116
23. Iwagami Y. Changes in the ultrastructure of human cells related to certain biological responses under hyperthermic culture conditions. Hum Cell 1996;9:353–66.
25. Altan Ö, Pabuçcuoğlu A, Altan A, Konyalioğlu S, Bayraktar H. Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers. Br Poult Sci 2003;44:545–50.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660310001618334
26. Adeyemi OT, Osilesi O, Adebawo OO, Onajobi FD, Oyedemi SO, Afolayan AJ. Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) activities in selected tissues of rats fed on processed atlantic horse mackerel (
Trachurus trachurus). Adv Biosci Biotechnol 2015;6:139–52.
http:/dx.doi.org/10.4236/abb.2015.63014
27. Gowda S, Desai PB, Hull VV, Math AAK, Vernekar SN, Kulkarni SS. A review on laboratory liver function tests. Pan Afr Med J 2009;3:17.
29. Seven PT, Yılmaz S, Seven I, Cercı IH, Azman MA, Yılmaz M. Effects of propolis on selected blood indicators and antioxidant enzyme activities in broilers under heat stress. Acta Vet Brno 2009;78:75–83.
https://doi.org/10.2754/avb200978010075
30. Ma D, Shan A, Chen Z, et al. Effect of
Ligustrum lucidum and
Schisandra chinensis on the egg production, antioxidant status and immunity of laying hens during heat stress. Arch Anim Nutr 2005;59:439–47.
https://doi.org/10.1080/17450390500353499
32. Zihni C, Balda MS, Matter K. Signalling at tight junctions during epithelial differentiation and microbial pathogenesis. J Cell Sci 2014;127:3401–13.
https://doi.org/10.1242/jcs.145029
34. Deng W, Dong XF, Tong JM, Zhang Q. The probiotic
Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens. Poult Sci 2012;91:575–82.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps.2010-01293
35. Wu Y, Shao Y, Song B, et al. Effects of
Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with
Clostridium perfringens -induced necrotic enteritis. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2018;9:9.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-017-0220-2
37. Mohamed MA, El-Daly EF, El-Azeem NAA, Youssef AW, Hassan HMA. Growth performance and histological changes in ileum and immune related organs of broilers fed organic acids or antibiotic growth promoter. Int J Poult Sci 2014;13:602–10.
https://doi.org/10.3923/ijps.2014.602.610