1. Goodarzi M, Nanekarani S, Landy N. Effect of dietary supplementation with onion (Allium cepa L.) on performance, carcass traits and intestinal microflora composition in broiler chickens. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2014;4:S297–301.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60459-X
2. Bedford M. Removal of antibiotic growth promoters from poultry diets: implications and strategies to minimize subsequent problems. World’s Poult Sci 2000;56:347–65.
https://doi.org/10.1079/WPS20000024
3. Cross DE, McDevitt RM, Hillman K, Acamovic T. The effect of herbs and their associated essential oils on performance, dietary digestibility and gut microflora in chickens from 7 to 28 days of age. Br Poult Sci 2007;48:496–506.
https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660701463221
4. Sundström JF, Albihn A, Boqvist S, et al. Future threats to agricultural food production posed by environmental degradation, climate change, and animal and plant diseases–a risk analysis in three economic and climate settings. Food Secur 2014;6:201–15.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-014-0331-y
5. Mulugeta M, Worku Z, Seid A, Debela L. Effect of garlic powder (Allium sativum) on performance of broiler chicken. Livest Res Rural Dev 2019;31:58.
6. Malematja E, Ng’ambi JW, Chitura T, Nemauluma MFD, Kolobe SD, Manyelo TG. Onion extracts and onion extracts (Allium cepa L.) as natural growth promoters for use in poultry production: a review. Appl Ecol Environ Res 2022;20:383–96.
7. Guo FC, Kwakkel RP, Verstegen MWA. The use of Chinese herbs as alternative for growth promoters in broiler diets. In : Proceedings of the 21st World’s Poultry Congress (WPSA); 2000 August 20–24; Montreal, Canada.
8. Demir E, Sarica S, Özcan MA, Sui Mez M. The use of natural feed additives as alternatives for an antibiotic growth promoter in broiler diets. Br Poult Sci 2003;44:44–5.
https://doi.org/10.1080/713655288
9. Ahmad T, Ansari JZ, Haq A, Yousaf M, Khan S. Evaluation of different medicinal plants as growth promoters for broiler chicks. Sarhad J Agric 2008;24:323–9.
11. Joe MM, Jayachitra J, Vijayapriya M. Antimicrobial activity of some common spices against certain human pathogens. J Med Plant Res 2009;3:1134–6.
12. Shiringani RP. Effect of planting date and location on phenology, yield components among selected cowpea varieties [Masters Dissertation]. Polokwane, South Africa: University of Limpopo; 2007. p. 73
13. Horwitz W, Latimer GW. AOAC International Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 18th edGaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International; 2005.
14. NRC. Nutritional requirements of poultry. 9th revised editionWashington, DC, USA: National Academic Press; 1994.
https://doi.org/10.17226/2114
16. Pavelková A, Kačániová M, Hleba L, Petrová J, Pochop J, Čuboň J. Sensory evaluation of chicken breast treated with Oregano essential oil. Sci Pap Anim Sci Biotechnol 2013;46:379–83.
17. SAS. User guide: Statistics, Version 9.3.1. 2nd editionRaleigh, NC, USA: SAS Institute, Inc; 2012.
18. Tashla T, Puvača N, Nikolova N, et al. Effects of garlic, ramson and onion (allium sativum, allium ursinum and allium cepa) on performance and gut bacteria population in broiler chickens. Macedonian J Anim Sci 2019;9:5–9.
20. Farahani M, Goodarzi M, Nanekarani S. The effects of aqueous extract of onion on performance and some blood biochemical parameters of the Cobb and Ross broilers. Int J Adv Biol Biomed Res 2015;3:370–7.
21. Al-Ramamneh D. Effect of dietary combinations of garlic and onion in broiler production. Int J Poult Sci 2018;17:147–53.
22. Aji S, Ignatius K, Ado AY, et al. Effects of feeding onion (Allium сера) and garlic (Allium sativum) on some performance characteristics of broiler chickens. Res J Poult Sci 2011;4:22–7.
https://doi.org/10.3923/rjpscience.2011.22.27
23. Aditya S, Ahammed M, Jang SH, Ohh SJ. Effects of dietary onion (Allium cepa) extract supplementation on performance, apparent total tract retention of nutrients, blood profile and meat quality of broiler chicks. Asian-Australs J Anim Sci 2017;30:229–35.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.16.0553
24. Goodarzi M, Nanekarani S, Landy N. Effect of dietary supplementation with onion (Allium cepa L.) on performance, carcass traits and intestinal microflora composition in broiler chickens. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2014;4:S297–301.
https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60459-X
25. Omar AE, Al-Khalaifah HS, Mohamed WAM, et al. Effects of phenolic-rich onion (Allium cepa L.) extract on the growth performance, behavior, intestinal histology, amino acid digestibility, antioxidant activity, and the immune status of broiler chickens. Front Vet Sci 2020;7:528612.
https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.582612
26. Sadeli A, Hanafi ND, Tafsin M, Hamdan , Syahputra K. The effect of Batak onion (Allium chinense) extract and powder adduction on the carcass characteristic of broiler chicken infected by Escherichia coli. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci 2021;782:022102.
https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/2/022102
27. Adam AAE. Effect of dietary supplementation of dry onion, anise and Y. mos on broiler production performance [Doctoral dissertation]. Khartoum State, Sudan: Sudan University of Science and Technology; 2019.
28. Manyeula F, Mlambo V, Marume U, Sebola NA. Partial replacement of soybean products with canola meal in indigenous chicken diets: size of internal organs, carcass characteristics and breast meat quality. Poult Sci 2020;99:256–62.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez470
29. Ao T, Cantor AH, Pescatore AJ, Pierce JL. In vitro evaluation of feed-grade enzyme activity at pH levels simulating various parts of the avian digestive tract. Anim feed Sci Technol 2008;140:462–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2007.04.004
30. Jang AR, Ham JS, Kim DW, et al. Effect of quercetin and methoxylated quercetin on chicken thigh meat quality during cold storage. Korean J Poult Sci 2011;38:265–73.
https://doi.org/10.5536/kjps.2011.38.4.265
31. Ali FH, Zahran DA. Effect of growth enhancers on quality of chicken meat during cold storage. Adv J Food Sci Technol 2010;2:219–26.
32. Gabor EF, Şara A, Barbu A. The effects of some phytoadditives on growth, health and meat quality on different species of fish. Anim Sci Biotechnol 2010;43:61–5.