Anim Biosci > Volume 30(7); 2017 > Article |
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Items (g/kg, unless noted) | Dietary treatments (Calcium concentrations of diets, g/kg)1) | |||||
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4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | |
Ingredients | ||||||
Corn | 501.5 | 501.8 | 502.0 | 502.0 | 502.0 | 501.8 |
Soybean meal (46% CP) | 151.4 | 149.5 | 148.6 | 151.6 | 153.2 | 154.8 |
Wheat | 100.0 | 100.0 | 117.7 | 123.5 | 117.4 | 111.4 |
Wheat flour | 89.2 | 85.0 | 62.8 | 50.0 | 50.0 | 50.0 |
Corn gluten meal | 40.4 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 45.0 | 45.0 |
Poultry by-product | 40.0 | 37.4 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 | 40.0 |
Rapeseed meal | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Full fat soybean | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
Soybean oil | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 |
Animal fat | 9.2 | 10.0 | 10.0 | 11.4 | 13.2 | 15.2 |
Salt | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 | 2.5 |
Mono-dicalcium phosphate | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 | 8.6 |
Limestone | 2.6 | 5.4 | 8.0 | 10.6 | 13.4 | 16.0 |
Sodium bicarbonate | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
Threonine | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 |
DL-methionine | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 | 3.7 |
L-lysine sulfate | 5.0 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.2 | 5.1 | 5.1 |
Choline-Cl | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 |
Vitamin premix2) | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
Mineral premix3) | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.4 |
Phytase4) | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Calculated nutrient content5) | ||||||
AMEn (MJ/kg) | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 | 12.9 |
Crude protein | 195.0 | 195.0 | 195.0 | 195.0 | 195.0 | 195.0 |
Total lysine | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 | 11.0 |
Total methionine+cysteine | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 |
Total threonine | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 | 7.5 |
Total tryptophan | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Calcium | 4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 |
Non-phytate phosphorus | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 3.0 |
Analyzed nutrient content | ||||||
Calcium | 5.2 | 6.6 | 7.4 | 8.6 | 9.2 | 9.7 |
Total phosphorus | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.3 | 5.4 | 5.5 | 5.0 |
2) Provided per kg of the complete diet: vitamin A, 12,600 IU (retinyl acetate); vitamin D3, 3,080 IU; vitamin E, 42 IU (DL-alpha-tocopheryl acetate); vitamin K3, 2.8 mg (menadione dimethpyrimidinol); vitamin B1, 2.8 mg; vitamin B2, 7.28 mg; vitamin B6, 4.2 mg; vitamin B12, 28 μg; folic acid, 1.4 mg; biotin, 130 μg; niacin, 42 mg.
3) Provided per kg of the complete diet: iron, 60 mg (FeSO4); zinc, 90 mg (ZnSO4); manganese, 97.5 mg (MnO); copper, 6.75 mg (CuSO4); cobalt, 530 μg (CoSO4); selenium, 200 μg (Na2SeO3); iodine, 2 mg (Ca[IO3]2).
5) Calculated values [1].
Items | Dietary Ca concentrations (g/kg) | SEM | p-value2) | |||||||
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4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | T | L | Q | ||
Final body weight (g) | 1,931 | 1,964 | 1,912 | 1,954 | 1,888 | 1,889 | 29.1 | 0.32 | 0.11 | 0.42 |
Body weight gain (g) | 971 | 1,004 | 951 | 988 | 924 | 928 | 32.1 | 0.43 | 0.13 | 0.54 |
Feed intake (g) | 1,684 | 1,691 | 1,669 | 1,710 | 1,660 | 1,694 | 27.6 | 0.82 | 1.00 | 0.93 |
Feed efficiency (g/kg)3) | 577 | 593 | 569 | 578 | 556 | 548 | 14.8 | 0.32 | 0.05 | 0.42 |
Mortality (%) | 0.3 | 2.7 | 1.3 | 2.7 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 0.88 | 0.37 | 0.17 | 0.35 |
Items | Dietary Ca concentrations (g/kg) | SEM | p-value2) | |||||||
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4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | T | L | Q | ||
Tibia ash (%) | 52.1 | 52.0 | 52.7 | 51.4 | 52.5 | 53.3 | 0.47 | 0.13 | 0.13 | 0.18 |
Tibia Ca (%) | 42.5c | 46.4b | 49.7a | 47.6ab | 48.4ab | 48.4ab | 1.08 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Tibia phosphorus (%) | 26.0c | 27.8b | 28.8ab | 28.8ab | 29.2a | 29.0ab | 0.44 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Tibia breaking strength (kg/cm2) | 20.4 | 19.5 | 22.3 | 20.1 | 23.7 | 22.0 | 1.87 | 0.60 | 0.24 | 0.97 |
Items | Dietary Ca concentrations (g/kg) | SEM | p-value2) | |||||||
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4.0 | 5.0 | 6.0 | 7.0 | 8.0 | 9.0 | T | L | Q | ||
Litter pH | 7.97 | 7.88 | 7.95 | 7.91 | 8.00 | 7.91 | 0.082 | 0.91 | 0.99 | 0.88 |
Litter moisture (%) | 42.33 | 44.05 | 42.37 | 39.15 | 37.01 | 45.65 | 3.106 | 0.41 | 0.77 | 0.26 |
Litter nitrogen (%) | 1.89 | 2.05 | 1.94 | 2.01 | 1.97 | 1.83 | 0.139 | 0.90 | 0.68 | 0.36 |
FPD incidence 3) | 1.58 | 1.70 | 1.62 | 1.22 | 1.52 | 2.37 | 0.339 | 0.31 | 0.30 | 0.10 |
2) T, overall effects of treatments; L, linear effects of increasing concentrations of Ca in diets; Q, quadratic effects of increasing concentrations of Ca in diets.
3) The FPD incidence was measured visually using 10 birds randomly selected per pen (i.e., replicate) based on a 6-point scale scoring system: score 0, smooth and no lesion; score 1, discoloration and small injury; score 2, dark papillae and no ulceration; score 3, small ulcer covered by crust; score 4, medium ulcer covered by crust; and score 5, big ulcer covered by crust [15].