Ingredients (%) | T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Maize | 53.275 | 68.732 | 53.70 | 68.62 | 53.84 | 68.62 |
Soybean meal | 22.86 | 24.863 | 21.98 | 24.10 | 21.98 | 24.10 |
Corn gluten meal | – | 0.41 | – | 0.96 | – | 0.96 |
Wheat bran | 15.00 | – | 15.00 | – | 15.00 | – |
Rapeseed meal | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 | 1.50 |
Rice bran | 3.00 | – | 3.00 | – | 3.00 | – |
Tallow | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Vitamin mixture A1 | – | – | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 | 0.21 |
Vitamin mixture B2 | 0.055 | 0.055 | – | – | – | – |
Dicalcium phosphate | 1.63 | 2.01 | 2.02 | 2.02 | 1.64 | 2.02 |
L-lysine HCl (98.5%) | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.09 |
Limestone (coarse) | 1.14 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 0.86 | 1.14 | 0.86 |
Choline-Cl (50%) | – | – | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.13 | 0.14 |
Salt | 0.28 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.28 | 0.30 |
Mineral mix3 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Calculated composition (%) | ||||||
Crude protein | 17.86 | 17.50 | 17.52 | 17.50 | 17.52 | 17.50 |
Ether extract | 4.48 | 3.99 | 4.48 | 3.98 | 4.48 | 3.98 |
Crude fiber | 3.91 | 2.63 | 3.88 | 2.60 | 3.88 | 2.60 |
Crude ash | 4.88 | 3.55 | 4.84 | 3.52 | 4.84 | 3.52 |
Ca | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Available P | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 | 0.45 |
Lysine | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
Cys+met | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.62 | 0.63 | 0.62 | 0.63 |
TMEn (MJ/kg) | 11.72 | 12.89 | 11.72 | 12.89 | 11.72 | 12.89 |
1 Vitamin mixture A (as high lipotropic factor) provided the following nutrients per kg of diet: vitamin A, 20,000 IU; vitamin D3, 4,000 IU; vitamin E, 10.5 IU; vitamin K3, 4 mg; vitamin B1, 4 mg; vitamin B2, 12 mg; vitamin B6, 6 mg; vitamin B12, 0.02 mg; biotin, 0.1 mg; niacin, 60 mg; pantothenic acid, 20 mg; folic acid, 2.0 mg.
2 Vitamin mixture B (as low lipotropic factor) provided the following nutrients per kg of diet: vitamin A, 2,000 IU; vitamin D3, 400 IU; vitamin E, 0.1 IU; vitamin K3, 2 mg; vitamin B1, 2 mg; vitamin B2, 6 mg; vitamin B6, 3.0 mg; vitamin B12, 0.01 mg; niacin, 30 mg; pantothenic acid, 10 mg; folic acid, 1 mg.
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Initial BW (g/bird) | 358.6±0.56 | 358.1±0.56 | 358.1±0.28 | 358.1±0.28 | 358.6±0.28 | 358.6±0.73 |
Final BW (g/bird) | 1,224.7±22.37 | 1,212.5±1.27 | 1,225.0±12.51 | 1,238.1±18.55 | 1,188.1±6.09 | 1,243.6±16.22 |
BW gain (g/bird/d) | 20.62±0.52 | 20.34±0.04 | 20.64±0.30 | 20.95±0.44 | 19.75±0.14 | 21.07±0.39 |
Feed intake (g/bird/d) | 68.81±1.31 | 66.93±0.36 | 69.54±0.44 | 65.88±0.81 | 69.15±0.75 | 69.95±1.42 |
FCR (feed/gain) | 3.34±0.03b | 3.28±0.01b | 3.37±0.03b | 3.29±0.04b | 3.50±0.04a | 3.32±0.05b |
Liver (g/100 g BW) | 1.56±0.03c | 1.57±0.03c | 1.63±0.04c | 1.63±0.04c | 2.97±0.08a | 2.67±0.09b |
Abdominal fat (g/100 g BW) | 1.16±0.14c | 1.87±0.22ab | 1.17±0.12c | 1.89±0.19ab | 1.75±0.14b | 2.27±0.18a |
1 T1 = 11.72 MJ/kg diet+low level lipotropic factors; T2 = 12.89 MJ/kg diet+low level lipotropic factors; T3 = 11.72 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors; T4 = 12.89 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors; T5 = 11.72 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors+2 mg/kg BW estradiol benzoate; T6 = 12.89 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors+2 mg/kg BW estradiol benzoate.
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum lipid fractions | ||||||
Cholesterol (mg/dl) | 91.7±0.96b | 93.5±1.16b | 91.4±0.86b | 91.4±0.45b | 163.8±11.07a | 156.2±5.25a |
Triacylglycerol (mg/dl) | 486.5±28.66b | 520.6±15.56b | 489.9±23.06b | 475.6±35.83b | 2,853.8±255.42a | 2,532.6±241.91a |
Phospholipid (mg/dl) | 1,230.2±56.87b | 1,218.5±55.56b | 1,306.3±58.59b | 1,233.8±59.11b | 1,720.0±86.68a | 1,523.4±117.27a |
GOT (IU/L) | 85.67±2.53 | 88.49±5.36 | 81.90±2.16 | 76.30±2.03 | 81.61±2.38 | 84.29±2.21 |
GPT (IU/L) | 5.24±0.22 | 6.69±0.39 | 6.60±0.56 | 5.97±0.51 | 6.00±0.26 | 5.81±0.44 |
1 T1 = 11.72 MJ/kg diet+low level lipotropic factors; T2 = 12.89 MJ/kg diet+low level lipotropic factors; T3, 11.72 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors; T4 = 12.89 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors; T5 = 11.72 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors+2 mg/kg BW estradiol benzoate; T6 = 12.89 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors+2 mg/kg BW estradiol benzoate.
T1 | T2 | T3 | T4 | T5 | T6 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hepatic lipid fractions | ||||||
Cholesterol (mg/g) | 4.59±0.10 | 5.30±0.44 | 4.67±0.33 | 4.25±0.08 | 5.08±0.31 | 4.25±0.34 |
Triacylglycerol (mg/g) | 9.65±0.90c | 10.44±1.04c | 9.40±0.55c | 9.31±0.32c | 188.83±9.51a | 130.20±23.98b |
Phospholipid (mg/g) | 43.68±1.58b | 39.91±0.77bc | 50.41±1.07a | 42.51±1.33b | 36.34±1.55cd | 35.67±0.67d |
Malondialdehyde (μg/g) | 0.90±0.06 | 1.12±0.03 | 0.87±0.08 | 1.01±0.06 | 1.01±0.10 | 1.09±0.07 |
Liver color score | 1.10±0.10c | 1.40±0.16c | 1.00±0.00c | 1.20±0.13c | 3.80±0.36a | 3.00±0.37b |
1 T1 = 11.72 MJ/kg diet+low level lipotropic factors; T2 = 12.89 MJ/kg diet+low level lipotropic factors; T3 = 11.72 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors; T4 = 12.89 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors; T5 = 11.72 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors+2 mg/kg BW estradiol benzoate; T6 = 12.89 MJ/kg diet+high level lipotropic factors+2 mg/kg BW estradiol benzoate.