Ayoade DI, Kiarie E, Trinidade Neto MA, Nyachoti CM. 2012. Net energy of diets containing wheat-corn distillers dried grains with solubles as determined by indirect calorimetry, comparative slaughter, and chemical composition methods. J Anim Sci 90:4373–4379.
Bakker GCM. 1996. Interaction between carbohydrates and fat in pigs. Ph.D. Thesis, University of Wageningen, Wageningen, The Netherlands
Baldwin RL. 1995. Energy requirements for maintenance and production. Modeling Ruminant Digestion and Metabolism. Baldwin RL, editorChapman and Hall; London, UK: p. 148–188.
Baldwin RL, Bywater AC. 1984. Nutritional energetics of animals. Annu Rev Nutr 4:101–114.
Birkett S, de Lange K. 2001. Limitations of conventional models and a conceptual framework for a nutrient flow representation of energy utilization by animals. Br J Nutr 86:647–659.
Black JL. 1995. Modelling energy metabolism in the pig – critical evaluation of a simple reference model. Modelling Growth in the Pig. Moughan PJ, Verstegen MWA, Visser-Reyneveld MI, editorsWageningen Press; Wageningen, The Netherlands: p. 87–102.
Black JL. 2000. Bioavailability: the energy component of a ration for monogastric animals. Feed Evaluation: Principle and Practice. Moughan PJ, Verstegen MWA, Visser-Reyneveld MI, editorsWageningen Press; Wageningen, The Netherlands: p. 133–152.
Black JL, de Lange CFM. 1995. Introduction to the principles of nutrient partitioning for growth. Modelling Growth in the Pig. Moughan PJ, Verstegen MWA, Visser-Reynevel MI, editorsWageningen Press; Wageningen, The Netherlands: p. 115–122.
Blaxter KL. 1989. Energy metabolism in animals and man. Cambridge University Press; Cambridge, UK:
Blok MC. 2006. Development of a new net energy formula by CVB, using the database of INRA. In : Int. Sym. Proc. Net energy systems for growing and fattening pigs; Vejle, Denmark. p. 40–57.
Boisen S. 2007. New concept for practical feed evaluation systems. DJF Animal Science No. 79Research Centre Foulum; Denmark:
Boisen S, Verstegen MWA. 2000. Developments in the measurement of the energy content of feeds and energy utilisation in animals. Feed evaluation: principle and practice. Moughan PJ, Verstegen MWA, Visser-Reyneveld MI, editorsWageningen Press; Wageningen, The Netherlands: p. 57–76.
Bray HJ, Giles LR, Gooden JM, Black JL. 1997. Energy expenditure in growing pigs infected with pleuropneumonia. Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals. In : McCracken KJ, Unsworth EF, Wylie ARG, editorsProceedings of the 14th Symposium on Energy Metabolism; Newcastle, Northern Ireland. p. 291–294.
Brown D. 1982. The metabolic body size of the growing pig. Livest Prod Sci 9:389–398.
Chwalibog A. 1991. Energetics of animal production. Acta Agric Scand 41:147–160.
Close WH. 1996. Modelling the growing pig: Predicting nutrient needs and responses. Biotechnology in the Feed Industry The living gut: Bridging the gap between nutrition and performance. Lyons TP, Jacques KA, editorsProc Alltech’s 12th Annual SymposiumNottingham University Press; Nottingham, UK: p. 289–297.
Cozannet P, Primot Y, Gady C, Métayer JP, Lessire M, Skiba F, Noblet J. 2010. Energy value of wheat distillers grains with solubles for growing pigs and adult sows. J Anim Sci 88:2382–2392.
de Goey LW, Ewan RC. 1975. Energy values of corn and oats for young swine. J Anim Sci 40:1052–1057.
de Greef KH, Verstegen MWA, Kemp B, van der Togt PL. 1994. The effect of body weight and energy intake on the composition of deposited tissue in pigs. Anim Prod 58:263–270.
de Lange CFM. 2008. Efficiency of utilization of energy from protein and fiber in the pig- A case for NE systems. In : Proc. Midwest Swine Nutr. Conf.; Indianapolis, IN. p. 58–72.
de Lange CFM, Birkett SH. 2005. Characterization of useful energy content in swine and poultry feed ingredients. Can J Anim Sci 85:269–280.
de Lange CFM, van Milgen J, Noblet J, Dubois S, Birkett S. 2006. Previous feeding level influences plateau heat production following a 24 h fast in growing pigs. Br J Nutr 95:1082–1087.
Emmans GC. 1999. Energy flows. A Quantitative Biology of the Pig. Kyriazakis I, editorCABI Publishing; Wallingford, UK: p. 363–377.
Ewan RC. 2001. Energy utilization in swine nutrition. Swine Nutrition. 2nd EdLewis AJ, Southern LL, editorsCRC Press; Washington, DC: p. 85–94.
Giles LR, Lorschy ML, Bray HJ, Black JL. 1998. Predicting feed intake in growing pigs. Progress in Pig Science. Wiseman J, Varley MA, Chadwick JP, editorsNottingham University Press; Nottingham, U.K: p. 209–228.
Just A. 1982. The net energy value of balanced diets for growing pigs. Livest Prod Sci 8:541–555.
Just A, Jørgensen H, Fernandez JA. 1983. Maintenance requirement and the net energy value of different diets for growth in pigs. Livest Prod Sci 10:487–506.
Kil DY. 2008. Digestibility and energetic utilization of lipids by pigs. PhD ThesisUniversity of Illinois; Urbana, USA:
Kil DY, Ji F, Stewart LL, Hinson RB, Beaulieu AD, Allee GL, Patience JF, Pettigrew JE, Stein HH. 2011. Net energy of soybean oil and choice white grease in diets fed to growing and finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 89:448–459.
Kil DY, Ji F, Stewart LL, Hinson RB, Beaulieu AD, Allee GL, Patience JF, Pettigrew JE, Stein HH. 2013. Effects of dietary soybean oil on pig growth performance, retention of protein, lipids, and energy, and on the net energy of corn in diets fed to growing or finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 91:3283–3290.
Kleiber M. 1975. The fire of life. 2nd EdKrieger RE New York, NY:
Knap P. 2000. Variation in maintenance requirements of growing pigs in relation to body composition. A simulation study. Ph D ThesisUniversity of Wageningen; Wageningen, The Netherlands:
Koong LJ, Nienaber JA, Mersmann HJ. 1983. Effects of plane of nutrition on organ size and fasting heat production in genetically obese and lean pigs. J Nutr 113:1626–1631.
Le Bellego L, van Milgen J, Dubois S, Noblet J. 2001. Energy utilization of low-protein diets in growing pigs. J Anim Sci 79:1259–1271.
Le Goff G, Noblet J. 2001. Comparative total tract digestibility of dietary energy and nutrients in growing pigs and adult sows. J Anim Sci 79:2418–2427.
Lizardo R, van Milgen J, Mourot J, Noblet J, Bonneau M. 2002. A nutritional model of fatty acid composition in the growing-finishing pig. Livest Prod Sci 75:167–182.
McDonald P, Edwads RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA. 2002. Evaluation of foods: energy content of foods and the partition of food energy within the animal. Animal Nutrition. 5th EdMcDonals P, Edwads RA, Greenhalgh JFD, Morgan CA, editorsPearson, UK: p. 263–291.
Mayes PA. 2000. Bioenergetics: The role of ATP. Harper’s Biochemistry. 25th EdMurry RK, Granner DK, Mayes PA, Rodwell VW, editorsMcGraw-Hill; New York, NY: p. 123–129.
Moehn S, Atakora J, Ball RO. 2005. Using net energy for diet formulation: Potential for the Canadian pig industry. Adv Pork Prod 16:119–129.
Morgan DJ, Cole DJA, Lewis D. 1975. Energy values in pig nutrition: I. The relationship between digestible energy, metabolizable energy and total digestible nutrient values of a range of feedstuffs. J. Agric. Sci. (Camb.) 84:7–17.
Noblet J. 1996. Digestive and metabolic utilization of dietary energy in pig feeds: Comparison of energy systems. Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition. Garnsworthy PC, Wiseman J, Haresign W, editorsNottingham University Press; Nottingham, U.K: p. 207–231.
Noblet J. 2007. Recent developments in net energy research for swine. Adv Pork Prod 18:149–156.
Noblet J, Fortune H, Shi XS, Dubois S. 1994a. Prediction of net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. J Anim Sci 72:344–353.
Noblet J, Henry Y. 1993. Energy evaluation systems for pig diets: a review. Livest Prod Sci 36:121–141.
Noblet J, Karege C, Dubois S. 1991. Influence of growth potential on energy requirements for maintenance in growing pigs. Energy Metabolism of Farm Animals. Wenk C, Boessinger M, editorsEAAP Publication; Zurich, Switzerland: p. 107–110.
Noblet J, Karege C, Dubois S, van Milgen J. 1999. Metabolic utilization of energy and maintenance requirements in growing pigs: Effects of sex and genotype. J Anim Sci 77:1208–1216.
Noblet J, Perez JM. 1993. Prediction of digestibility of nutrients and energy values of pig diets from chemical analysis. J Anim Sci 71:3389–3398.
Noblet J, Shi XS, Dubois S. 1994b. Effect of body weight on net energy value of feeds for growing pigs. J Anim Sci 72:648–657.
Noblet J, van Milgen J. 2004. Energy value of pig feeds: Effect of pig body weight and energy evaluation system. J. Anim. Sci 82:E. Suppl.E229–E238.
NRC. 1998. Nutrient requirements of swine. 10th rev EdNatl. Acad. Press; Washington, DC:
NRC. 2012. Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th rev EdNatl. Acad. Press; Washington, DC:
Nyachoti CM, Zijlstra RT, de Lange CFM, Patience JF. 2004. Voluntary feed intake in growing-finishing pigs: A review of the main determining factors and potential approaches for accurate predictions. Can J Anim Sci 84:549–566.
Oresanya TF, Beaulieu AD, Patience JF. 2008. Investigations of energy metabolism in weanling barrows: The interaction of dietary energy concentration and daily feed (energy) intake. J Anim Sci 86:348–363.
Payne RL. 2006. The net energy system in swine- How can it help you? Feedstuffs March 27:16–20.
Patience JF, Beaulieu AD. 2005. The merits, benefits, and challenges of adopting the net energy system in a North American context. In : Proc. 66th Minnesota Nutr. Conf. Tech. Symp.: Future of corn in animal feed; September 20–21; St.Paul. MN. p. 134–149.
Quiniou N, Dubois S, Noblet J. 1995. Effect of dietary crude protein level on protein and energy balances in growing pigs: comparison of two measurement methods. Livest Prod Sci 41:51–61.
Reynolds CK. 2000. Measurement of energy metabolism. Feeding Systems and Feed Evaluation Models. Theodorou MK, France J, editorsCAB International; Oxon, U.K: p. 87–107.
Rijnen MMJA. 2003. Energetic utilization of dietary fiber in pigs. PhD ThesisUniversity of Wageningen; Wageningen, the Netherlands:
Rijnen MMJA, Doorenbos J, Mallo JJ, den Hartog LA. 2004. The application of the net energy system for swine. In : Proc. Western Nutr. Conf.; Saskatoon, Canada. p. 151–168.
Robles A, Ewan RC. 1982. Utilization of energy of rice and rice bran by young pigs. J Anim Sci 55:572–577.
Sauvant D, Perez JM, Tran G. 2004. Tables of composition and nutritional value of feed materials: Pig, poultry, sheep, goats, rabbits, horses, and fish. Wageningen Academic Publishers; Wageningen, the Netherlands: INRA ed. Paris, France
Schiemann R, Nehring K, Hoffmann L, Jentsch W, Chudy A. 1972. Energetische Futterbevertung und Energienormen. VEB Deutscher Landwirtschaftsverlag; Berlin:
Shi XS, Noblet J. 1993. Contribution of the hindgut to digestion of diets in growing pigs and adult sows: effect of diet composition. Livest Prod Sci 34:237–252.
Stewart LL, Kil DY, Ji F, Hinson RB, Beaulieu AD, Allee GL, Patience JF, Pettigrew JE, Stein HH. 2013. Effects of dietary soybean hulls and wheat middlings on body composition, nutrient and energy retention, and the net energy of diets and ingredients fed to growing and finishing pigs. J Anim Sci 91:2756–2765.
Tess MW, Dickerson GE, Nienaber JA, Ferrell CL. 1984. The effects of body composition on fasting heat production in pigs. J Anim Sci 58:99–110.
Tess MW, Dickerson GE, Nienaber JA, Ferrell CL. 1986. Growth, development and body composition in three genetic stocks of swine. J Anim Sci 62:968–979.
Thonney ML, Touchberry RD, Goodrich RW, Meiske JC. 1976. Intraspecies relationship between fasting heat production and body weight: A reevaluation of W
.75. J Anim Sci 43:692–704.
van Milgen J, Bernier JF, Lecozler Y, Dubois S, Noblet J. 1998. Major determinants of fasting heat production and energetic cost of activity in growing pigs of different body weight and breed/castration combination. Br J Nutr 79:509–517.
van Milgen J, Noblet J. 2000. Modelling energy expenditure in pigs. Modelling Nutrient Utilization in Farm Animals. McNamara JP, France J, Beever DE, editorsCAB International; Oxon, UK: p. 103–114.
van Milgen J, Noblet J. 2003. Partitioning of energy intake to heat, protein, and fat in growing pigs. 81:E. Suppl. 2E86–E93.
van Milgen J, Valancogne A, Dubois S, Dourmad JY, Sève B, Noblet J. 2008. InraPorc: A model and decision support tool for the nutrition of growing pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 143:387–405.
Verstegen MWA. 2001. Developments towards net energy systems in feeds and animals. In : Western Nutr. Conf.; Saskatoon, Canada. p. 170–184.
Whittemore CT. 1997. An analysis of methods for the utilisation of net energy concepts to improve the accuracy of feed evaluation in diets for pigs. Anim Feed Sci Technol 68:89–99.
Whittemore CT, Hazzledine MJ, Close WH. 2003. Nutrient requirement standards for pigs. British Society of Animal Science; Penicuik:
Wu Z, Li D, Ma Y, Yu Y, Noblet J. 2007. Evaluation of energy systems in determining the energy cost of gain of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing different levels of dietary fat. Arch Anim Nutr 61:1–9.