![]() |
![]() |
Anim Biosci > Volume 36(3); 2023 > Article |
|
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
We certify that there is no conflict of interest with any financial organization regarding the material discussed in the manuscript.
AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS
Conceptualization: AO, PY; Methodology: AO, PY; Formal Analysis: AO; Investigation: AO, PY; Writing – Original Draft: AO; Writing - Review and Editing: AO, PY; Funding Acquisition: PY; Supervision: PY.
FUNDING
The SRP Chair (PY) research programs are financially supported by grants from the Ministry of Agriculture Strategic Research Chair Program, the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, SaskPulse Growers, the Prairie Oat Grower Association, the Saskatchewan Agricultural Development Fund, SaskCanola, SaskMilk, Saskatchewan Forage Network (SNK), Western Grain Research Foundation (WGRF) etc.
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; TCxH, total carbohydrate peak height; CECH, cellulosic compounds peak height; STCA, structural carbohydrate area; 1, 2, 3 and 4: correspond to the different peaks; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; DM, dry matter; ADF, acid detergent fiber; ADL, acid detergent lignin.
Items | TC2H | STC1H | CECA | TCA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||
r | p-value | r | p-value | r | p-value | r | p-value | |
NDF (% DM) | −0.56 | 0.031 | −0.53 | 0.044 | ||||
ADL (% DM) | 0.66 | 0.008 | ||||||
NFC (% CHO) | ||||||||
Sugar (% DM) | 0.56 | 0.030 | −0.58 | 0.022 | 0.69 | 0.004 |
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; TCxH, total carbohydrate peak height; STC1H, structural carbohydrate area; 1 peaks; H, peak height; CECA, cellulosic compounds area; TCA, total carbohydrate area; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; DM, dry matter; ADL, acid detergent lignin; NFC, non-fibre carbohydrates.
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; CNCPS, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System; TCxH, total carbohydrate peak height; CECH, cellulosic compounds peak height; STCxH, structural carbohydrate area; 1, 2: correspond to the different peaks; H, peak height; CECA, cellulosic compounds area; TCA, total carbohydrate area; STCA, structural carbohydrate area; 1, 2, 3 and 4: correspond to the different peaks; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman; CB3, ruminaly degradable carbohydrate fraction of available NDF; RDCB3, ruminally degradable digestible fiber; Total RDC, total ruminally degradable carbohydrates; RUCA4, ruminally undegradable water soluble carbohydrates; RUCB3, ruminally undegradable digestible fiber; RUCC, ruminally indigestible fiber.
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; CNCPS, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System; TCxH: total carbohydrate peak height; STC1H, structural carbohydrate area; 1 peaks; H, peak height; TCA, total carbohydrate area; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman; CB2, soluble fiber; CC, unavailable fiber; RDCA4, ruminally degradable water soluble carbohydrates; RUCA4, ruminally undegradable water soluble carbohydrates.
Items | STCA | |
---|---|---|
|
||
r | p-value | |
EDCP | 0.62 | 0.014 |
MREE | 0.62 | 0.014 |
Items | TC3H | STCA | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
r | p-value | r | p-value | |
tdNDF | 0.65 | 0.008 | ||
Estimated milk | 0.55 | 0.034 |
Items | CECA | |
---|---|---|
|
||
r | p-value | |
tdNDF | −0.54 | 0.038 |
Items | STC2H | STC3H | STC4H | STCA | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
|
|||||
r | p-value | r | p-value | r | p-value | r | p-value | |
AECP | −0.58 | 0.024 | −0.80 | <0.001 | −0.75 | 0.001 | −0.86 | <0.001 |
ECP | −0.58 | 0.025 | −0.80 | <0.001 | −0.75 | 0.001 | −0.85 | <0.001 |
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; NRC, National Research Council; STC, structural carbohydrate area; 1, 2, 3 and 4: correspond to the different peaks; H, peak height; A, peak area; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman; AECP, truly absorbed ECP in the small intestine; ECP, endogenous crude protein in the small intestine.
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; TC, total carbohydrate; CEC, cellulosic compounds; STC, structural carbohydrate area; 1, 2, 3 and 4: correspond to the different peaks; H, peak height; A, peak area; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman; AECP, truly absorbed ECP in the small intestine; ECP, endogenous crude protein in the small intestine.
Item | SCP (% CP) | NDIP (% CP) | NDIP (% DM) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||
r | p-value | r | p-value | r | p-value | |
Peak area | 0.51 | <0.001 | −0.52 | <0.001 | −0.54 | <0.001 |
Height | 0.53 | <0.001 |
Item | SCP (% CP) | |
---|---|---|
|
||
r | p-value | |
Peak area | 0.64 | <0.001 |
Area ratio | −0.52 | <0.001 |
Height | 0.62 | <0.001 |
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; CNCPS, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System; PB1, moderately degradable protein; CP, crude protein; PB2, slowly degradable protein; TP, true protein; RD, rumen degradable; AII, Amide II area; Area ratio, ratios of amide I and amide II areas; Height, ratios of amide I and II heights; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman.
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; CNCPS, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System; PA2, soluble true protein; PC, unavailable crude protein; PB1, moderately degradable protein; TP, true protein; PB2, slowly degradable protein; Total RDP, total rumen degradable protein; RD, rumen degraded; RU, rumen undegraded; Total RUP, total rumen undegradable protein; Peak area, Amide I and II peak area; AI, Amide I area; AII, Amide II area; Area ratio, ratios of amide I and amide II areas; AIH, Amide I height; AIIH, Amide II height; Height, ratios of amide I and II heights; Alpha, α-helix height; Beta, β-sheet height; Ratio, ratio of α-helix: β-sheet; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman.
Items | DVE | DVE FMV | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
r | p-value | r | p-value | |
AIIH | 0.57 | 0.026 | 0.56 | 0.028 |
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; Kd, the degradation rate of D fraction; Fr, fermentation rate; Residue 0 h: CP residue at 0 h of rumen incubation; S, soluble fraction; U, rumen undegradable fraction; BCP, Bypass CP; Peak area, Amide I and II peak area; AII, Amide II area; Area ratio, ratios of amide I and amide II areas; AIH, Amide I height; AIIH, Amide II height; Alpha, α-helix height; Beta, β-sheet height; Ratio, ratio of α-helix: β-sheet; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman.
Item | IDP (%RUP) | |
---|---|---|
|
||
r | p-value | |
AIIH | 0.63 | 0.012 |
Item | dBDM (%) | IADP (g/kg DM) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
r | p-value | r | p-value | |
Ratio | 0.67 | 0.007 | 0.65 | 0.009 |
Item | MP | |
---|---|---|
|
||
r | p-value | |
AIIH | 0.53 | 0.043 |
Items | AECP | ECP | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
r | p-value | r | p-value | |
AII | 0.54 | 0.040 | 0.55 | 0.033 |
AIIH | 0.60 | 0.019 | 0.61 | 0.016 |
Alpha | 0.63 | 0.013 | 0.63 | 0.012 |
Ratio | 0.88 | <0.001 | 0.84 | <0.001 |
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; NRC, National Research Council; AECP, truly absorbed ECP in the small intestine; ECP, endogenous protein in the small intestine; Peak area, Amide I and II peak area; AII, Amide II area; AIH, Amide I height; AIIH, Amide II height; Alpha, α-helix height; Ratio, ratio of α-helix: β-sheet; r, correlation coefficient using Spearman.
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; RSD, residual standard deviation; PA2, soluble true protein; PB1, moderately degradable protein; Total RDP, total rumen degradable protein; Total RUP, total rumen undegradable protein; Alpha, α-helix height; Beta, β-sheet height; Ratio, ratio of α-helix: β-sheet; AIIH, Amide II height; AI, Amide I area; Height, AIH:AIIH ratio; Area, AI:AII areas ratio; AECP, absorbed endogenous protein; ECP, endogenous protein; CP, crude protein; TDCP, total digestible crude protein; TDN, total digestible nutrients; DE, digestible energy; ME, metabolizable energy; NEm, net energy for maintenance; NEg3x, net energy for gain; NEL, net energy for lactation.
FTIR, Fourier transform infrared; RSD, residual standard deviation; CEL, cellulose; DM, dry matter; Total RDC, total rumen degradable carbohydrates; MREE, microbial protein synthesized in the rumen based on the energy available; HEMI, hemicellulose; DVE, truly digested protein in the small intestine; DVE FMV, estimated milk production based on the DVE system in kg milk/kg DM feed; STC, structural carbohydrate; TC, total carbohydrate; H, height; A, area; Numbers 2 and 4 correspond to different peaks.
![]() |
![]() |