Anim Biosci > Volume 35(3); 2022 > Article |
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Item | Infertile eggs | Unhatched eggs | Culled chicks | Mixture2) | ||||
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Batch 1 | Batch 2 | Batch 1 | Batch 2 | Batch 1 | Batch 2 | Batch 1 | Batch 2 | |
Dry matter (g/kg) | 911 | 969 | 973 | 984 | 983 | 973 | 965 | 972 |
Gross energy (kcal/kg) | 4,206 | 4,630 | 4,313 | 4,296 | 5,884 | 5,897 | 5,192 | 5,342 |
Crude protein (g/kg) | 322 | 396 | 377 | 400 | 675 | 663 | 574 | 555 |
Ether extract (g/kg) | 229 | 260 | 216 | 237 | 208 | 225 | 214 | 236 |
Ash (g/kg) | 319 | 313 | 356 | 357 | 87 | 85 | 168 | 188 |
Calcium (g/kg) | 120 | 116 | 129 | 127 | 18 | 18 | 61 | 62 |
Phosphorus (g/kg) | 5.6 | 5.2 | 6.5 | 5.5 | 11.1 | 9.9 | 9.4 | 8.3 |
Indispensable amino acids (g/kg) | ||||||||
Arginine | - | 21.2 | - | 21.0 | - | 40.4 | - | 30.8 |
Histidine | - | 7.6 | - | 7.3 | - | 12.6 | - | 10.1 |
Isoleucine | - | 16.8 | - | 15.1 | - | 23.3 | - | 19.5 |
Leucine | - | 30.9 | - | 28.4 | - | 47.4 | - | 38.6 |
Lysine | - | 22.7 | - | 20.9 | - | 34.4 | - | 28.3 |
Methionine | - | 10.5 | - | 9.7 | - | 11.1 | - | 10.5 |
Phenylalanine | - | 18.4 | - | 17.0 | - | 25.9 | - | 21.8 |
Threonine | - | 17.3 | - | 16.2 | - | 25.9 | - | 21.3 |
Tryptophan | - | 4.6 | - | 3.7 | - | 5.8 | - | 5.4 |
Valine | - | 20.7 | - | 19.0 | - | 29.0 | - | 24.3 |
Dispensable amino acids (g/kg) | ||||||||
Alanine | - | 20.2 | - | 19.7 | - | 34.1 | - | 27.1 |
Aspartic acid | - | 35.7 | - | 32.9 | - | 50.6 | - | 42.3 |
Cysteine | - | 7.5 | - | 7.4 | - | 13.7 | - | 11.3 |
Glutamic acid | - | 46.0 | - | 44.5 | - | 75.9 | - | 60.5 |
Glycine | - | 13.5 | - | 16.2 | - | 44.2 | - | 30.1 |
Proline | - | 15.0 | - | 15.7 | - | 32.8 | - | 24.1 |
Serine | - | 25.3 | - | 22.9 | - | 35.0 | - | 29.4 |
Tyrosine | - | 13.2 | - | 12.1 | - | 20.2 | - | 16.5 |
Item | Diet | ||||
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Basal | Infertile egg | Unhatched egg | Culled chick | Mixture2) | |
Ingredient (g/kg) | |||||
Ground corn | 867.0 | 660.1 | 660.1 | 656.7 | 662.8 |
Whey powder | 100.0 | 76.1 | 76.1 | 75.7 | 76.4 |
Infertile eggs | - | 250.0 | - | - | - |
Unhatched eggs | - | - | 250.0 | - | - |
Culled chicks | - | - | - | 250.0 | - |
Mixture | - | - | - | - | 250.0 |
Others3) | 33.0 | 13.8 | 13.8 | 17.6 | 10.8 |
Analyzed composition | |||||
Dry matter (g/kg) | 904 | 909 | 921 | 920 | 919 |
Gross energy (kcal/kg) | 3,850 | 3,971 | 4,006 | 4,369 | 4,274 |
Crude protein (g/kg) | 95 | 157 | 164 | 237 | 207 |
Item | Diet | ||||
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Infertile egg | Unhatched egg | Culled chick | Mixture2) | P-free | |
Ingredient (g/kg) | |||||
Corn starch | 452.5 | 462.5 | 535.6 | 502.5 | 520.2 |
Infertile eggs | 250.0 | - | - | - | - |
Unhatched eggs | - | 250.0 | - | - | - |
Culled chicks | - | - | 250.0 | - | - |
Mixture | - | - | - | 250.0 | - |
Sucrose | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 |
Gelatin | 90.0 | 80.0 | - | 40.0 | 150.0 |
Others3) | 7.5 | 7.5 | 14.4 | 7.5 | 129.8 |
Analyzed composition | |||||
Dry matter (g/kg) | 923 | 935 | 941 | 933 | 927 |
Gross energy (kcal/kg) | 3,984 | 3,943 | 4,241 | 4,127 | 3,998 |
Crude protein (g/kg) | 175 | 176 | 171 | 180 | 186 |
Calcium (g/kg) | 28.9 | 28.7 | 6.7 | 12.3 | 5.7 |
Phosphorus (g/kg) | 1.9 | 2.0 | 3.4 | 2.8 | 0.1 |
Item | Diet | ||||
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Infertile egg | Unhatched egg | Culled chick | Mixture2) | Ca-free | |
Ingredient (g/kg) | |||||
Ground corn | 764.7 | 769.8 | 733.9 | 778.0 | 828.9 |
Potato protein concentrate | 115.0 | 110.0 | - | 50.0 | 150.0 |
Infertile eggs | 100.0 | - | - | - | - |
Unhatched eggs | - | 100.0 | - | - | - |
Culled chicks | - | - | 250.0 | - | - |
Mixture | - | - | - | 150.0 | - |
Others3) | 20.3 | 20.2 | 16.1 | 22.0 | 21.1 |
Analyzed composition | |||||
Dry matter (g/kg) | 882 | 882 | 892 | 883 | 871 |
Gross energy (kcal/kg) | 4,019 | 4,000 | 4,327 | 4,068 | 4,027 |
Crude protein (g/kg) | 203 | 199 | 216 | 182 | 196 |
Calcium (g/kg) | 12.4 | 11.8 | 4.8 | 9.0 | 0.9 |
Phosphorus (g/kg) | 4.8 | 4.4 | 4.6 | 4.9 | 4.6 |
Item | Diet | ||||
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Infertile egg | Unhatched egg | Culled chick | Mixture2) | N-free | |
Ingredient (g/kg) | |||||
Cornstarch | 479.3 | 480.1 | 479.9 | 482.5 | 680.0 |
Sucrose | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 | 200.0 |
Infertile eggs | 300.0 | - | - | - | - |
Unhatched eggs | - | 300.0 | - | - | - |
Culled chicks | - | - | 300.0 | - | - |
Mixture | - | - | - | 300.0 | - |
Others3) | 20.7 | 19.9 | 20.1 | 17.5 | 120.0 |
Analyzed composition | |||||
Dry matter (g/kg) | 936 | 940 | 936 | 936 | 925 |
Gross energy (kcal/kg) | 3,920 | 3,824 | 4,302 | 4,111 | 3,681 |
Crude protein (g/kg) | 119 | 119 | 200 | 160 | 3 |
Lysine (g/kg) | 7.0 | 6.8 | 10.1 | 8.3 | 0.1 |
Methionine (g/kg) | 3.2 | 2.9 | 3.2 | 3.2 | 0.1 |
Threonine (g/kg) | 5.4 | 5.3 | 7.7 | 6.4 | 0.1 |
Tryptophan (g/kg) | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.4 | 1.5 | 0.0 |
Item3) | Infertile egg | Unhatched egg | Culled chick | Mixture4) | SEM | p-value |
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Gross energy (kcal/kg) | 4,206 | 4,313 | 5,884 | 5,192 | - | - |
Digestible energy (kcal/kg) | 2,759d | 3,735c | 4,840a | 4,224b | 116 | <0.001 |
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) | 2,645c | 3,625b | 4,560a | 3,998b | 123 | <0.001 |
CATTD of P | 0.640a | 0.447b | 0.438b | 0.355b | 0.042 | <0.001 |
CSTTD of P | 0.817a | 0.616b | 0.539b | 0.474b | 0.042 | <0.001 |
CATTD of Ca | 0.485b | 0.383c | 0.633a | 0.580a | 0.033 | <0.001 |
CSTTD of Ca | 0.533c | 0.434d | 0.756a | 0.645b | 0.033 | <0.001 |
CSID of crude protein | 0.750a | 0.713ab | 0.638b | 0.682ab | 0.027 | 0.023 |
CSID of indispensable AA | ||||||
Arginine | 0.815a | 0.791ab | 0.717b | 0.738ab | 0.024 | 0.009 |
Histidine | 0.783a | 0.750ab | 0.683b | 0.715ab | 0.027 | 0.027 |
Isoleucine | 0.820a | 0.779ab | 0.675c | 0.718bc | 0.028 | <0.001 |
Leucine | 0.842a | 0.804ab | 0.706c | 0.749bc | 0.027 | 0.001 |
Lysine | 0.810 | 0.793 | 0.777 | 0.795 | 0.026 | 0.740 |
Methionine | 0.836 | 0.810 | 0.809 | 0.834 | 0.024 | 0.606 |
Phenylalanine | 0.824a | 0.782ab | 0.670c | 0.716bc | 0.027 | <0.001 |
Threonine | 0.788a | 0.750ab | 0.652b | 0.700ab | 0.030 | 0.010 |
Tryptophan | 0.833a | 0.774ab | 0.513c | 0.694b | 0.030 | <0.001 |
Valine | 0.820a | 0.780ab | 0.662c | 0.709bc | 0.027 | <0.001 |
CSID of dispensable AA | ||||||
Alanine | 0.797 | 0.779 | 0.726 | 0.750 | 0.028 | 0.163 |
Aspartic acid | 0.719a | 0.665ab | 0.593b | 0.626b | 0.025 | 0.006 |
Cysteine | 0.723a | 0.623ab | 0.381c | 0.525b | 0.032 | <0.001 |
Glutamic acid | 0.810a | 0.782ab | 0.701b | 0.742ab | 0.026 | 0.017 |
Glycine | 0.645 | 0.656 | 0.586 | 0.598 | 0.047 | 0.465 |
Proline | 0.195 | 0.317 | 0.363 | 0.363 | 0.185 | 0.701 |
Serine | 0.741a | 0.714a | 0.563b | 0.620b | 0.025 | <0.001 |
Tyrosine | 0.829a | 0.779ab | 0.635c | 0.694bc | 0.031 | <0.001 |
SEM, standard error of the means; CATTD, coefficient of apparent total tract digestibility; CSTTD, coefficient of standardized total tract digestibility; CSID, coefficient of standardized ileal digestibility.
3) Basal endogenous losses (g/kg dry matter intake) were determined from pigs fed semi-purified diets: phosphorus, 0.36; calcium, 0.66; crude protein, 21.52; arginine, 0.69; histidine, 0.27; isoleucine, 0.44; leucine, 0.75; lysine, 0.73; methionine, 0.14; phenylalanine, 0.47; threonine, 0.92; tryptophan, 0.18; valine, 0.67; alanine, 0.86; aspartic acid, 1.17; cysteine, 0.30; glutamic acid, 1.58; glycine, 1.56; proline, 3.11; serine, 0.91; tyrosine, 0.40.
Item | Measured | Predicted | Standard error1) | p-value |
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DE (kcal/kg) | 4,224 | 4,203 | 199 | 0.890 |
ME (kcal/kg) | 3,998 | 3,990 | 219 | 0.959 |
ATTD P (g/kg) | 3.3 | 4.2 | 0.2 | 0.003 |
STTD P (g/kg) | 4.5 | 5.3 | 0.2 | 0.004 |
ATTD Ca (g/kg) | 36.0 | 27.9 | 1.9 | 0.004 |
STTD Ca (g/kg) | 40.0 | 31.7 | 1.9 | 0.004 |
Item | Apparent ileal digestible | Standardized ileal digestible | ||||||
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Measured | Predicted | SE1) | p-value | Measured | Predicted | SE | p-value | |
Crude protein | 308.7 | 303.2 | 12.5 | 0.469 | 378.7 | 370.4 | 12.5 | 0.356 |
Indispensable AA | ||||||||
Arginine | 20.5 | 21.9 | 0.7 | 0.113 | 22.8 | 24.2 | 0.7 | 0.125 |
Histidine | 6.3 | 6.6 | 0.3 | 0.557 | 7.2 | 7.4 | 0.3 | 0.621 |
Isoleucine | 12.5 | 13.2 | 0.6 | 0.583 | 14.0 | 14.6 | 0.6 | 0.634 |
Leucine | 26.5 | 27.5 | 1.1 | 0.667 | 28.9 | 29.9 | 1.1 | 0.705 |
Lysine | 20.1 | 20.8 | 0.8 | 0.700 | 22.5 | 23.0 | 0.8 | 0.752 |
Methionine | 8.3 | 8.3 | 0.3 | 0.565 | 8.8 | 8.7 | 0.3 | 0.603 |
Phenylalanine | 14.1 | 14.6 | 0.7 | 0.671 | 15.6 | 16.1 | 0.7 | 0.712 |
Threonine | 12.0 | 12.5 | 0.7 | 0.731 | 14.9 | 15.3 | 0.7 | 0.805 |
Tryptophan | 3.1 | 2.5 | 0.2 | 0.004 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 0.2 | 0.004 |
Valine | 15.0 | 15.8 | 0.7 | 0.487 | 17.2 | 17.9 | 0.7 | 0.558 |
Dispensable AA | ||||||||
Alanine | 17.6 | 18.5 | 0.7 | 0.404 | 20.3 | 21.1 | 0.7 | 0.474 |
Aspartic acid | 22.8 | 23.9 | 1.1 | 0.474 | 26.5 | 27.5 | 1.1 | 0.521 |
Cysteine | 5.0 | 4.2 | 0.4 | 0.067 | 5.9 | 5.1 | 0.4 | 0.063 |
Glutamic acid | 40.0 | 41.5 | 1.6 | 0.548 | 44.9 | 46.3 | 1.6 | 0.587 |
Glycine | 13.1 | 14.7 | 0.9 | 0.169 | 18.0 | 19.4 | 0.9 | 0.221 |
Proline | −0.5 | −0.3 | 4.0 | 0.930 | 8.7 | 8.7 | 4.0 | 0.967 |
Serine | 15.4 | 16.1 | 0.8 | 0.533 | 18.2 | 18.8 | 0.8 | 0.585 |
Tyrosine | 10.1 | 10.4 | 0.6 | 0.848 | 11.5 | 11.8 | 0.6 | 0.896 |