Ingredient | C1) | W1) | WY11) | WY21) | WY31) | WS11) | WS21) | WYS11) | WYS21) | WYS31) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||||||
------------------------------------------------------------------ % in formula ------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||||||||||
Glucose | 65 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 | 57 |
Oil | 30.5 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 | 29 | 29 | 28 | 27 | 26 |
Egg yolk | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 5 | 7.5 | 0 | 0 | 2.5 | 5 | 7.5 |
Egg white | 0 | 10 | 9 | 8 | 7 | 8 | 6 | 7 | 6 | 5 |
Soy protein | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 2 | 2 |
Sodium caseinate | 2 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1 | 0.5 | 0 |
Phosphate, dibasic | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
MG | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
Dextrin | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
SSL | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Silica | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Flavoring agent | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
1) C, control; W, 10% egg white; WY1, 9% egg white+2.5% egg yolk; WY2, 8% egg white+5% yolk; WY3, 7% egg white+7.5% egg yolk; WS1, 8% egg white+2% soy protein; WS2, 6% egg white+4% soy protein; WYS1, 7% egg white+2.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS2, 6% egg white+5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS1, 5% egg white+7.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein.
Nutrient | C1) | W1) | WY11) | WY21) | WY31) | WS11) | WS21) | WYS11) | WYS21) | WYS31) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Moisture (%) | 3.2b | 4.0a | 2.3bc | 3.1bc | 2.3bc | 2.1c | 1.9c | 2.3bc | 2.2bc | 2.7bc | 0.3 |
Ash (%) | 1.4c | 1.9a | 1.7b | 1.7b | 1.8a | 1.8a | 1.9a | 1.8a | 1.7b | 1.5bc | 0.1 |
Fat (%) | 31.0a | 20.5e | 22.1d | 30.0ab | 30.7ab | 22.4d | 23.8d | 27.1c | 28.8b | 29.2ab | 0.5 |
Protein (%) | 3.0e | 10.2a | 9.4b | 9.1c | 8.6d | 10.2a | 10.1a | 9.4b | 9.2bc | 8.5d | 0.1 |
Carbohydrate (%) | 61.3c | 63.4ab | 64.5a | 56.1e | 56.5e | 63.5ab | 62.2bc | 59.4d | 58.0de | 58.1de | 0.5 |
Total (%) | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | - |
1) C, control; W, 10% egg white; WY1, 9% egg white+2.5% egg yolk; WY2, 8% egg white+5% yolk; WY3, 7% egg white+7.5% egg yolk; WS1, 8% egg white+2% soy protein; WS2, 6% egg white+4% soy protein; WYS1, 7% egg white+2.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS2, 6% egg white+5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS1, 5% egg white+7.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein.
Fatty acid | C1) | W1) | WY11) | WY21) | WY31) | WS11) | WS21) | WYS11) | WYS21) | WYS31) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
-------------------------------------------------------------- % of total fat ------------------------------------------------------------------ | |||||||||||
Caprylic acid (C8:0) | 8.0a | 7.9a | 7.2bc | 7.2bc | 6.8cd | 7.6ab | 7.6ab | 7.6ab | 7.1bc | 6.5d | 0.1 |
Capric acid (C10:0) | 6.5a | 6.4ab | 5.9cd | 5.8cde | 5.4ef | 6.2abc | 6.2abc | 6.0bcd | 5.6de | 5.2f | 0.1 |
Lauric acid (C12:0) | 49.7a | 49.4a | 46.4bc | 45.2cd | 42.4e | 48.4ab | 48.3ab | 46.6bc | 44.2d | 41.0e | 0.6 |
Myristic acid (C14:0) | 17.8a | 17.9a | 17.7a | 17.0b | 16.2c | 18.2a | 18.2a | 17.7a | 17.0b | 16.0c | 0.1 |
Palmitic acid (C16:0) | 8.7e | 8.9e | 10.3bcd | 10.7bc | 11.8a | 9.4de | 9.5de | 10.0cd | 11.1b | 12.2a | 0.2 |
Stearic acid (C18:0) | 8.5bc | 8.8bc | 10.1ab | 9.8abc | 10.2ab | 9.6abc | 9.5abc | 9.8abc | 10.3ab | 10.8a | 0.4 |
Oleic acid (C18:1) | 0.3e | 0.3e | 1.5d | 2.5c | 4.2b | 0.4e | 0.6e | 1.4d | 2.7c | 4.8a | 0.2 |
Linoleic acid (C18:2) | 0.0e | 0.0e | 0.8d | 1.5c | 2.5b | 0.0e | 0.0e | 0.7d | 1.6c | 2.8a | 0.1 |
Linolenic acid (C18:3) | 0 | 0.1 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0 |
Arachidic acid (C20:0) | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.2 | 0.1 |
Arachidonic acid (C20:4) | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.1b | 0.1b | 0.2a | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.0c | 0.1b | 0.2a | 0 |
1) C, control; W, 10% egg white; WY1, 9% egg white+2.5% egg yolk; WY2, 8% egg white+5% yolk; WY3, 7% egg white+7.5% egg yolk; WS1, 8% egg white+2% soy protein; WS2, 6% egg white+4% soy protein; WYS1, 7% egg white+2.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS2: 6% egg white+5% egg yolk+2% soy protein, WYS1: 5% egg white+7.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein.
Items | C1) | W1) | WY11) | WY21) | WY31) | WS11) | WS21) | WYS11) | WYS21) | WYS31) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Choline (month) | --------------------------------------------------------- mg choline hydroxide/100 g sample ------------------------------------------------------- | ||||||||||
0 | 45.57d | 32.61f | 40.36e | 51.45bc | 61.07a | 35.61ef | 35.43ef | 47.92cd | 54.79b | 59.94a | 1.63 |
1 | 39.56e | 33.28g | 46.86d | 59.77c | 79.36a | 36.08f | 35.11fg | 46.79d | 63.70b | 78.89a | 0.76 |
2 | 42.98e | 32.93f | 44.74de | 57.11c | 73.42a | 35.65f | 34.73f | 46.34d | 60.66b | 73.63a | 0.85 |
3 | 41.27e | 32.58f | 42.62e | 54.45c | 67.49a | 35.22f | 34.35f | 45.89d | 57.63b | 68.37a | 0.95 |
Lutein (month) | ---------------------------------------------------------------------- μg/g sample -------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||||||||||
0 | 0.00e | 0.00e | 0.57d | 1.76c | 3.82a | 0.00e | 0.00e | 0.46d | 1.87c | 3.31b | 0.07 |
1 | 0.00d | 0.00d | 0.27d | 1.28c | 2.43a | 0.00d | 0.00d | 0.12d | 1.03c | 1.96b | 0.1 |
2 | 0.00g | 0.00g | 0.21e | 0.79c | 1.29a | 0.00g | 0.00g | 0.10f | 0.52d | 1.00b | 0.01 |
3 | 0.00e | 0.00e | 0.01e | 0.34c | 0.66a | 0.00e | 0.00e | 0.02e | 0.28d | 0.62b | 0.01 |
1) C, control; W, 10% egg white; WY1, 9% egg white+2.5% egg yolk; WY2, 8% egg white+5% yolk; WY3, 7% egg white+7.5% egg yolk; WS1, 8% egg white+2% soy protein; WS2, 6% egg white+4% soy protein; WYS1, 7% egg white+2.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS2, 6% egg white+5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS1, 5% egg white+7.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein.
Storage (month) | C1) | W1) | WY11) | WY21) | WY31) | WS11) | WS21) | WYS11) | WYS21) | WYS31) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
---------------------------------------------------------------- mg MDA/kg sample ----------------------------------------------------------------- | |||||||||||
0 | 0.40d | 0.72bc | 0.55c | 0.66c | 0.66c | 0.68bc | 0.95a | 0.70bc | 0.84ab | 0.85ab | 0.04 |
1 | 0.64d | 1.00ab | 0.88bc | 0.76cd | 0.98abc | 0.81bcd | 1.11a | 0.86bc | 0.98abc | 1.12a | 0.10 |
2 | 0.55e | 1.01c | 0.95c | 0.80d | 0.95c | 0.92c | 1.23a | 0.96c | 1.11b | 1.19ab | 0.03 |
3 | 0.46d | 1.01b | 1.03b | 0.84c | 0.93bc | 1.02b | 1.35a | 1.06b | 1.23a | 1.27a | 0.04 |
1) C, control; W, 10% egg white; WY1, 9% egg white+2.5% egg yolk; WY2, 8% egg white+5% yolk; WY3, 7% egg white+7.5% egg yolk; WS1, 8% egg white+2% soy protein; WS2, 6% egg white+4% soy protein; WYS1, 7% egg white+2.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS2, 6% egg white+5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS1, 5% egg white+7.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein.
Items | C1) | W41) | WY11) | WY21) | WY31) | WS11) | WS21) | WYS11) | WYS21) | WYS31) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-month storage | ---------------------------------------------------------- Total ion counts ×104 ------------------------------------------------------------- | ||||||||||
Aldehydes | 1,813f | 3,523e | 3,673e | 6,131d | 1,0533b | 4,139e | 7,598c | 8,202c | 1,2148a | 6,520d | 226 |
Alcohols | 0d | 0d | 332bc | 342b | 402a | 298bc | 280c | 345b | 0d | 0d | 15 |
Ketones | 15,742b | 15,461b | 14,361b | 14,829b | 14,058b | 15,056b | 15,308b | 18,114a | 13,379b | 10,063c | 590 |
Hydrocarbons | 323b | 179d | 419a | 363ab | 390a | 413a | 368ab | 248c | 167d | 172d | 17 |
Sulfur compounds | 151a | 124b | 0d | 108bc | 99c | 106bc | 110bc | 95c | 108bc | 0d | 6 |
Others | 1,668b | 1,920a | 1,106e | 783f | 1,296d | 1,442cd | 1,536c | 1,344d | 1,442cd | 1,077e | 45 |
Total volatiles | 19,697de | 21,206cd | 19,891de | 22,556c | 26,778ab | 21,454cd | 25,200b | 28,349a | 27,243ab | 17,832e | 665 |
3-month storage | |||||||||||
Aldehydes | 151f | 676e | 2,036c | 2,441b | 3,685a | 969e | 0f | 1,578d | 3,390a | 3,407a | 126 |
Alcohols | 1,238c | 2,125bc | 2,021bc | 1,687bc | 1,956bc | 3,759a | 3,265a | 3,325a | 2,175bc | 2,730ab | 281 |
Ketones | 1,574a | 1,520a | 1,340a | 2,006a | 1,842a | 1,744a | 577b | 1,535a | 1,864a | 2,000a | 157 |
Hydrocarbons | 118de | 138cde | 241a | 91e | 244a | 0f | 0f | 179bc | 211ab | 159bcd | 15 |
Others | 1,802d | 2,407d | 2,233d | 2,507d | 2,386d | 1,939d | 6,839c | 8,421b | 9,485a | 2,608d | 304 |
Total volatiles | 4,883f | 6,866e | 7,959de | 8,732cde | 10,191cd | 8,411cde | 10,681c | 15,038b | 17,124a | 10,903c | 612 |
1) C, control; W, 10% egg white; WY1, 9% egg white+2.5% egg yolk; WY2, 8% egg white+5% yolk; WY3, 7% egg white+7.5% egg yolk; WS1, 8% egg white+2% soy protein; WS2, 6% egg white+4% soy protein; WYS1, 7% egg white+2.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS2, 6% egg white+5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS1, 5% egg white+7.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein.
Items | C2) | W2) | WY12) | WY22) | WY32) | WS12) | WS22) | WYS12) | WYS22) | WYS32) | SEM |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0-month storage | |||||||||||
Solubility | 6a | 5b | 4cd | 5b | 5b | 5b | 5b | 4bc | 3d | 3d | 0.3 |
Color | |||||||||||
Yellowness | 2c | 2c | 4b | 5ab | 6a | 2c | 3c | 5b | 5b | 6a | 0.3 |
Darkness | 2d | 3cd | 4bc | 4bc | 6a | 3bcd | 4bc | 4b | 4b | 5a | 0.3 |
Off-odor/flavor | |||||||||||
Beany flavor/odor | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.3 |
Egg flavor/odor | 1c | 2c | 3b | 3b | 6a | 1c | 2c | 3b | 3b | 6a | 0.3 |
Oxidized oil flavor/odor | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 2 | 0.3 |
Overall acceptance | 6ab | 6ab | 6ab | 5bc | 4c | 6ab | 6a | 5ab | 5bc | 4c | 0.4 |
33-month storage | |||||||||||
Off-odor/flavor | |||||||||||
Egg flavor/odor | 1c | 2bc | 2bc | 4a | 3ab | 2bc | 2bc | 2bc | 2bc | 4a | 0.3 |
Oxidized oil flavor/odor | 1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 2 | 0.3 |
Overall acceptance | 7a | 6b | 5b | 5b | 6b | 6b | 5b | 5b | 5b | 5b | 0.3 |
2) C, control; W, 10% egg white; WY1: 9% egg white+2.5% egg yolk; WY2, 8% egg white+5% yolk; WY3, 7% egg white+7.5% egg yolk; WS1, 8% egg white+2% soy protein; WS2, 6% egg white+4% soy protein; WYS1, 7% egg white+2.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS2, 6% egg white+5% egg yolk+2% soy protein; WYS1, 5% egg white+7.5% egg yolk+2% soy protein.