Item |
Enzyme (U/kg)
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 200 | 400 | 600 | |
Ingredient (% as fed) | ||||
Corn | 66.35 | 66.35 | 66.35 | 66.35 |
Soybean meal (44% CP) | 22.60 | 22.60 | 22.60 | 22.60 |
Wheat bran | 5.01 | 5.00 | 4.99 | 4.98 |
Soybean oil | 1.53 | 1.53 | 1.53 | 1.53 |
Limestone | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.67 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.60 | 1.60 |
Salt | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
L-Lysinew·HCl (78%) | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 | 0.28 |
Threonine | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
Choline | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Antibiotic | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Chromic oxide | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Vitamin-mineral premix1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
β-mannanase preparation2 | 0.00 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.03 |
Chemical composition (as fed) | ||||
Digestible energy (kcal/kg)3 | 3,400 | 3,400 | 3,400 | 3,400 |
Crude protein (%)4 | 18.99 | 18.71 | 18.67 | 18.92 |
Calcium (%)4 | 0.66 | 0.65 | 0.72 | 0.69 |
Total phosphorus (%)4 | 0.59 | 0.58 | 0.61 | 0.58 |
Lysine (%)4 | 1.11 | 1.07 | 1.06 | 1.09 |
Threonine (%)4 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.71 | 0.67 |
Tryptophan (%)4 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.18 | 0.18 |
Methionine (%)4 | 0.31 | 0.29 | 0.27 | 0.30 |
1 Premix provided the following per kg of complete diet for grower pigs: vitamin A, 6,000 IU; vitamin D3, 2,400 IU; vitamin E, 21.6 IU; vitamin K3, 2 mg; vitamin B1, 0.96 mg; vitamin B2, 5.2 mg; vitamin B6, 2 mg; vitamin B12, 12 μg; nicotinic acid, 22 mg; pantothenic acid, 11.2 mg; folic acid, 0.4 mg; biotin, 40 μg; choline chloride, 0.4 g; Fe, 120 mg; Cu, 140 mg; Zn, 100 mg; Mn, 16 mg; I, 0.24 mg; Se, 0.4 mg; Ca, 7.2 g; P, 0.8 g; NaCl, 4.4 g.
2 Enzyme supplement contained approximately 2,000,000 units of β-mannanase per kg which was produced by mixing fermentation broth with wheat bran.
3 Values were calculated according to NRC (1998).
Item | 3,250 kcal/kg DE | 3,400 kcal/kg DE | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||
0 U/kg β-Mannanase | 400 U/kg β-Mannanase | 0 U/kg β-Mannanase | 400 U/kg β-Mannanase | |
Ingredient (% as fed) | ||||
Corn | 64.10 | 64.10 | 66.45 | 66.45 |
Soybean meal (44% CP) | 20.26 | 20.26 | 22.50 | 22.50 |
Wheat bran | 11.22 | 11.20 | 5.00 | 4.98 |
Soybean oil | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.53 | 1.53 |
Limestone | 0.80 | 0.80 | 0.68 | 0.68 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 1.40 | 1.40 | 1.60 | 1.60 |
Salt | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.35 |
L-Lysinew·HCl (78%) | 0.27 | 0.27 | 0.28 | 0.28 |
Threonine | 0.04 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.05 |
Choline | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 | 0.20 |
Antibiotic | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 | 0.06 |
Chromium oxide | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Vitamin-mineral premix1 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
β-Mannanase preparation2 | 0.00 | 0.02 | 0.00 | 0.02 |
Chemical composition (as fed) | ||||
Digestible energy (kcal/kg)3 | 3,250 | 3,250 | 3,400 | 3,400 |
Crude protein (%)4 | 17.79 | 17.97 | 18.78 | 18.63 |
Calcium (%)4 | 0.69 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.67 |
Total phosphorus (%)4 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.60 | 0.63 |
Lysine (%)4 | 0.98 | 0.95 | 1.10 | 1.07 |
Threonine (%)4 | 0.60 | 0.61 | 0.69 | 0.68 |
Tryptophan (%)4 | 0.18 | 0.19 | 0.19 | 0.19 |
Methionine (%)4 | 0.26 | 0.25 | 0.28 | 0.29 |
1 Premix provided the following per kg of complete diet: vitamin A, 6,000 IU; vitamin D3, 2,400 IU; vitamin E, 21.6 IU; vitamin K3, 2 mg; vitamin B1, 0.96 mg; vitamin B2, 5.2 mg; vitamin B6, 2 mg; vitamin B12, 12 μg; nicotinic acid, 22 mg; pantothenic acid, 11.2 mg; folic acid, 0.4 mg; biotin, 40 μg; choline chloride, 0.4 g; Fe, 120 mg; Cu, 140 mg; Zn, 100 mg; Mn, 16 mg; I, 0.24 mg; Se, 0.4 mg; Ca, 7.2 g; P, 0.8 g; NaCl, 4.4 g.
2 Enzyme supplement contained approximately 2,000,000 units of β-mannanase per kg which was produced by mixing fermentation broth with wheat bran.
3 Values were calculated according to NRC (1998).
β-mannanase (U/kg) | SEM2 | p-value | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||
0 | 200 | 400 | 600 | ANOVA | Linear | Quadratic | ||
Day 1 to 14 | ||||||||
Weight gain (g/d) | 637 | 668 | 690 | 669 | 40.5 | 0.83 | 0.50 | 0.69 |
Feed intake (g/d) | 1,509 | 1,467 | 1,474 | 1,428 | 52.1 | 0.75 | 0.30 | 0.59 |
Feed efficiency | 427 | 455 | 469 | 466 | 24.6 | 0.62 | 0.23 | 0.40 |
Day 15 to 28 | ||||||||
Weight gain (g/d) | 708 | 862 | 904 | 836 | 43.4 | 0.03 | 0.06 | <0.01 |
Feed intake (g/d) | 1,818 | 1,754 | 1,761 | 1,732 | 49.4 | 0.65 | 0.25 | 0.49 |
Feed efficiency | 389 | 489 | 516 | 482 | 18.3 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Day 1 to 28 | ||||||||
Weight gain (g/d) | 665 | 759 | 793 | 749 | 31.1 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.01 |
Feed intake (g/d) | 1,664 | 1,626 | 1,617 | 1,580 | 45.0 | 0.63 | 0.19 | 0.44 |
Feed efficiency | 404 | 466 | 491 | 474 | 14.1 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Digestibility (%) | β-mannanase (U/kg) | SEM2 | p-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||
0 | 200 | 400 | 600 | ANOVA | Linear | Quadratic | ||
Day 13 and 14 | ||||||||
Dry matter | 78.80 | 78.81 | 82.62 | 81.72 | 0.71 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.01 |
Gross energy | 79.52 | 77.62 | 82.78 | 81.36 | 0.72 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.07 |
Crude protein | 67.73 | 68.09 | 73.78 | 73.04 | 0.98 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 50.93 | 55.72 | 60.97 | 56.51 | 2.19 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.02 |
Acid detergent fiber | 47.26 | 51.96 | 58.19 | 52.49 | 2.29 | 0.03 | 0.07 | 0.02 |
Calcium | 37.12 | 49.23 | 43.51 | 50.55 | 2.17 | <0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Phosphorus | 34.65 | 39.44 | 47.60 | 47.68 | 3.64 | 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.02 |
Day 27 and 28 | ||||||||
Dry matter | 80.35 | 81.20 | 83.56 | 82.84 | 0.70 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.07 |
Gross energy | 80.90 | 81.26 | 85.74 | 81.76 | 0.83 | <0.01 | 0.17 | 0.06 |
Crude protein | 72.38 | 72.97 | 77.63 | 75.68 | 1.13 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.03 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 48.51 | 59.36 | 59.66 | 58.02 | 1.85 | <0.01 | 0.01 | <0.01 |
Acid detergent fiber | 49.91 | 56.39 | 58.64 | 57.18 | 2.20 | 0.05 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
Calcium | 37.86 | 46.96 | 48.39 | 45.32 | 1.67 | <0.01 | 0.02 | <0.01 |
Phosphorus | 43.26 | 47.49 | 50.25 | 48.25 | 1.63 | 0.04 | 0.03 | 0.02 |
3,250 kcal/kg DE | 3,400 kcal/kg DE | SEM2 | p-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||||
0 U/kg mannanase | 400 U/kg mannanase | 0 U/kg mannanase | 400 U/kg mannanase | Energy | Enzyme | Interaction | ||
Day 1 to 14 | ||||||||
Weight gain (g/d) | 623 | 696 | 637 | 690 | 29.87 | 0.88 | 0.05 | 0.74 |
Feed intake (g/d) | 1677 | 1631 | 1,509 | 1,474 | 51.96 | <0.01 | 0.45 | 0.92 |
Feed efficiency | 372 | 428 | 427 | 469 | 22.87 | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.75 |
Day 15 to 28 | ||||||||
Weight gain (g/d) | 668 | 826 | 708 | 905 | 40.51 | 0.16 | <0.01 | 0.63 |
Feed intake (g/d) | 1,995 | 1,963 | 1,850 | 1,690 | 23.93 | <0.01 | 0.10 | 0.27 |
Feed efficiency | 334 | 424 | 383 | 516 | 26.04 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.37 |
Day 1 to 28 | ||||||||
Weight gain (g/d) | 645 | 761 | 672 | 798 | 27.56 | 0.26 | <0.01 | 0.86 |
Feed intake (g/d) | 1,836 | 1,798 | 1,679 | 1,582 | 41.13 | <0.01 | 0.11 | 0.49 |
Feed efficiency | 353 | 424 | 401 | 505 | 18.12 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.38 |
3,250 kcal/kg DE | 3,400 kcal/kg DE | SEM2 | p-value | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|
||||||
0 U/kg mannanase | 400 U/kg mannanase | 0 U/kg mannanase | 400 U/kg mannanase | Energy | Enzyme | Interaction | ||
Day 13 and 14 | ||||||||
Dry matter | 77.39 | 79.42 | 78.80 | 82.62 | 0.49 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.09 |
Crude protein | 66.64 | 69.95 | 67.73 | 73.78 | 0.96 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.17 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 44.94 | 57.83 | 53.43 | 56.98 | 1.89 | 0.04 | <0.01 | 0.07 |
Acid detergent fiber | 45.16 | 54.18 | 53.93 | 57.86 | 2.13 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.24 |
Calcium | 37.75 | 43.94 | 37.12 | 43.52 | 2.81 | 0.84 | 0.03 | 0.97 |
Phosphorus | 37.88 | 42.26 | 41.15 | 48.60 | 1.75 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.38 |
Gross energy | 77.62 | 78.56 | 79.52 | 82.78 | 0.63 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.08 |
Day 27 and 28 | ||||||||
Dry matter | 77.51 | 79.10 | 79.35 | 82.90 | 0.92 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.30 |
Crude protein | 70.15 | 72.63 | 72.72 | 77.63 | 1.73 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.49 |
Neutral detergent fiber | 52.37 | 57.32 | 56.84 | 62.82 | 2.02 | 0.01 | <0.01 | 0.73 |
Acid detergent fiber | 48.18 | 53.38 | 53.24 | 57.97 | 2.24 | 0.03 | 0.02 | 0.75 |
Calcium | 37.85 | 43.48 | 39.53 | 47.21 | 2.01 | 0.19 | 0.01 | 0.96 |
Phosphorus | 42.18 | 43.59 | 44.09 | 47.41 | 1.05 | 0.01 | 0.03 | 0.37 |
Gross energy | 77.66 | 79.46 | 80.23 | 83.27 | 0.96 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.53 |