Pre-starter (d 1 to 10) | Starter (d 11 to 20) | Grower (d 21 to33) | Finisher (d 34 to 42) | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Ingredients (g/kg) | ||||
Corn | 469.3 | 475.4 | 674.6 | 679.4 |
Broken rice | 134.6 | 161.6 | 0.7 | - |
Soybean meal (CP: 44.1%) | 276.3 | 291.1 | 269.3 | 244.7 |
Canola meal (CP: 37.3%) | 63.9 | 12.4 | - | - |
Oil | 16.2 | 22.1 | 18.8 | 39.4 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 21.6 | 20.2 | 18.9 | 16.0 |
Limestone | 10.4 | 9.4 | 10.5 | 11.0 |
L-lysine HCl | 2.3 | 2.2 | 2.0 | - |
L-lysine sulphate | - | - | - | 3.4 |
NaCl | 1.5 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.6 |
KCl | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 1.4 |
DL-methionine | 2.0 | 2.0 | 1.7 | 1.7 |
L-threonine | 0.5 | 0.7 | 0.3 | 0.4 |
Premix2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Nutrients (g/kg or otherwise stated; Analysis results) | ||||
ME (kcal/kg) 3 | 2,903 | 3,010 | 3,102 | 3,155 |
Crude protein | 211.0 | 202.0 | 189.0 | 182.0 |
Calcium | 10.0 | 9.0 | 9.0 | 8.5 |
Available Phos. | 4.5 | 4.2 | 4.0 | 3.5 |
Sodium | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 |
Potassium | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 | 7.1 |
Chloride | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
DEB (mEq/kg)4 | 160 | 160 | 160 | 160 |
Dig lys | 11.0 | 10.5 | 9.7 | 9.3 |
1 All the diets were supplemented with 4 levels of either NaHCO3 (3.3, 6.6, 9.9, or 13.2 g/kg) or Na2SO4 (2.8, 5.6, 8.4, or 11.2 g/kg) to make final dNa concentrations of 1.7, 2.6, 3.5, or 4.4 g/kg, respectively. The basal diet has 0.8 g/kg dNa in it.
2 Provides per kg of finished diet: vitamin A, 12 mg; vitamin D3, 7 mg; vitamin E, 100 mg; vitamin K3 (50% as menadione nicotinamide bisulfite), 3 mg; vitamin B1 (98%), 3 mg; vitamin B2 (800,000 mg), 12 mg; vitamin B3 (niacin; 99%), 600 mg; vitamin B6 (98%), 4 mg; vitamin B9 (folic acid; 95%), 2 mg; vitamin B12 (0.10%), 20 mg; Biotin (0.10%), 5 mg; Ca-Pentothenate (98%), 12 mg; choline (70% as choline sodium), 1 g; MnO (60%), 169 mg; FeSO4 (21%), 200 mg; ZnSO4 (36%), 150 mg; CuSO4 (25%), 40 mg; Se (sodium selenite 0.40%), 100 mg; KI (68%), 2 mg; Salinomycin, 60 mg; Zinc bacitracin (as Albac 10%), 50 mg.
3 Calculated values (NRC, 1994).
Item | Blood pH | Dressing weight1 | Breast weight2 | Thigh weight2 | Abdominal fat1 | Lame birds3 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main effects (dNa/salt) | |||||||
dNa (g/kg) | 1.7 | 7.30 | 56.12 | 31.85 | 45.26 | 3.01 | 6.2 |
2.6 | 7.33 | 54.18 | 32.98 | 46.28 | 3.12 | 3.1 | |
3.5 | 7.35 | 52.94 | 33.79 | 47.34 | 2.44 | 3.8 | |
4.4 | 7.37 | 52.07 | 34.31 | 48.30 | 2.61 | 4.1 | |
Salts | NaHCO3 | 7.35 | 53.95 | 33.16 | 46.28 | 2.74 | 5.1 |
Na2SO4 | 7.33 | 53.70 | 33.30 | 47.31 | 2.86 | 3.6 | |
Interaction effects (Salt×dNa) | |||||||
NaHCO3 | 1.7 | 7.31 | 55.68 | 32.11 | 45.29 | 2.96 | 5.0 |
NaHCO3 | 2.6 | 7.34 | 54.85 | 32.56 | 45.05 | 2.93 | 4.5 |
NaHCO3 | 3.5 | 7.36 | 53.38 | 33.57 | 46.79 | 1.93 | 7.2 |
NaHCO3 | 4.4 | 7.38 | 51.90 | 34.40 | 48.01 | 3.12 | 3.5 |
Na2SO4 | 1.7 | 7.30 | 56.56 | 31.60 | 45.24 | 3.06 | 7.5 |
Na2SO4 | 2.6 | 7.32 | 53.50 | 33.40 | 47.51 | 3.31 | 1.8 |
Na2SO4 | 3.5 | 7.34 | 52.51 | 34.01 | 47.90 | 2.94 | 0.2 |
Na2SO4 | 4.4 | 7.36 | 52.24 | 34.22 | 48.58 | 2.11 | 4.8 |
SEM | 0.003 | 0.599 | 0.492 | 0.886 | 0.35 | 1.76 | |
p-value (df = 56) | |||||||
Level | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | ≤0.001 | 0.312 | |
Source | 0.011 | 0.561 | 0.678 | 0.109 | 0.014 | 0.240 | |
Salt×dNa | 0.033 | 0.770 | 0.853 | 0.927 | 0.915 | 0.048 | |
Level (L) | 0.001 | 0.212 | 0.385 | 0.960 | 0.567 | 0.173 | |
Level (Q) | - | 0.854 | 0.983 | 0.955 | 0.018 | 0.092 |
Item | Gizzard | Kidney | Bursa | Gall bladder | Lungs | Intestinal weight2 | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Main effects (dNa/salt) | ----------------------------------------------% of dressed weight ------------------------------------------ | ||||||
dNa (g/kg) | 1.7 | 2.41 | 0.31 | 0.23 | 0.08 | 0.56 | 58.2 |
2.6 | 2.57 | 0.36 | 0.15 | 0.08 | 0.58 | 54.3 | |
3.5 | 2.98 | 0.37 | 0.21 | 0.09 | 0.60 | 54.9 | |
4.4 | 2.99 | 0.37 | 0.25 | 0.12 | 0.48 | 56.1 | |
Salts | NaHCO3 | 2.85 | 0.42 | 0.21 | 0.07 | 0.58 | 56.3 |
Na2SO4 | 2.62 | 0.28 | 0.22 | 0.11 | 0.54 | 55.4 | |
Interaction effects (Salt×dNa) | |||||||
NaHCO3 | 1.7 | 2.72 | 0.42 | 0.16 | 0.07 | 0.64 | 58.8 |
NaHCO3 | 2.6 | 2.65 | 0.47 | 0.18 | 0.07 | 0.61 | 56.2 |
NaHCO3 | 3.5 | 2.98 | 0.41 | 0.22 | 0.04 | 0.54 | 58.7 |
NaHCO3 | 4.4 | 3.05 | 0.39 | 0.26 | 0.11 | 0.51 | 51.6 |
Na2SO4 | 1.7 | 2.11 | 0.21 | 0.29 | 0.10 | 0.49 | 57.7 |
Na2SO4 | 2.6 | 2.48 | 0.24 | 0.13 | 0.09 | 0.56 | 52.4 |
Na2SO4 | 3.5 | 2.98 | 0.33 | 0.20 | 0.13 | 0.64 | 51.1 |
Na2SO4 | 4.4 | 2.93 | 0.35 | 0.24 | 0.12 | 0.46 | 60.7 |
SEM | 0.21 | 0.04 | 0.02 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 1.62 | |
p-value (df = 56) | |||||||
Level | 0.002 | 0.089 | 0.294 | 0.003 | 0.089 | 0.321 | |
Source | 0.408 | ≤0.001 | 0.614 | ≤0.001 | 0.218 | 0.346 | |
Salt×dNa | 0.379 | 0.006 | ≤0.001 | 0.575 | 0.099 | ≤0.001 | |
Level (L) | 0.682 | 0.403 | 0.109 | 0.184 | 0.033 | 0.101 | |
Level (Q) | 0.169 | 0.873 | ≤0.001 | 0.972 | 0.420 | 0.031 |