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Anim Biosci > Volume 37(12); 2024 > Article
Nonruminant Nutrition and Feed Processing
Animal Bioscience 2024;37(12): 2137-2144.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ab.24.0216    Published online August 23, 2024.
Effects of benzoic acid in pig diets on nitrogen utilization, urinary pH, slurry pH, and odorous compounds
Seung Bin Yoo1  , Yoon Soo Song1  , Siyoung Seo2  , Sung Woo Kim3  , Beob Gyun Kim1,3,* 
1Department of Animal Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea
2Animal Environmental Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Wanju 55365, Korea
3Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
Correspondence:  Beob Gyun Kim, Tel: +82-2-2049-6255, Fax: +82-2-455-1044, Email: bgkim@konkuk.ac.kr
Received: 6 April 2024   • Revised: 11 June 2024   • Accepted: 1 July 2024
Abstract
Objective
The objective was to investigate the effects of dietary benzoic acid (BA) on nitrogen (N) balance, urinary pH, slurry pH, and odorous compounds in feces and slurry of pigs.
Methods
Twelve barrows with an initial body weight of 56.2±2.6 kg were individually housed in metabolism crates. The animals were allocated to a replicated 6×4 incomplete Latin square design with 12 animals, 6 experimental diets, and 4 periods, resulting in 8 observations per treatment. The basal diet consisted mainly of corn, soybean meal, and rapeseed meal. Benzoic acid was supplemented to the basal diet at 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.0%, or 2.5% at the expense of corn starch. Each period consisted of a 4-day adaptation period and a 24-h collection period for slurry, followed by a 4-day collection period for feces and urine. On day 5, feces and urine were collected for 24 h and mixed to obtain slurry samples.
Results
The daily digested N linearly increased (p<0.05) with increasing BA supplementation. Supplemental BA lowered urinary pH (p<0.001) and slurry pH (p<0.05) in a linear and quadratic manner. In the fecal samples, the concentrations of acetate, propionate, butyrate, and skatole linearly decreased (p<0.05) with supplemental BA. In the slurry samples, the concentrations of butyrate, isovalerate, and skatole linearly decreased (p<0.05) by supplemental BA.
Conclusion
In conclusion, supplemental benzoic acid has the potential to improve nitrogen digestion in a dose-dependent manner for pigs. Additionally, dietary benzoic acid lowers urinary pH, slurry pH, and concentrations of odorous compounds in pig feces and slurry.
Keywords: Benzoic Acid; Odorous Compounds; Pigs; Slurry pH; Urinary pH
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