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Immunisation of the somatostatin gene alters hypothalamic-pituitary-liver gene expressions and enhances growth in Dazu black goats |
Ge Qin1 
, Shiyong Fang1
, Xianqing Song1
, Li Zhang1
, Jiazhuo Huang1
, Yongfu Huang1
, Yanguo Han1,*
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College of Animal Science and Technology, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Forage & Herbivore, Chongqing Engineering Research Centre for Herbivores Resource Protection and Utilization, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China |
Correspondence:
Yanguo Han, Tel: +86-02368251196, Fax: +86-02368251196, Email: hyg2015@swu.edu.cn
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Received: 28 February 2024 • Revised: 19 May 2024 • Accepted: 18 June 2024 |
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| Abstract |
Objective
Somatostatin (SS) plays important regulatory roles in animal growth and reproduction by affecting the synthesis and secretion of growth hormone (GH). However, the mechanism by which SS regulates growth and development in goats is still unclear.
Methods
In this study, we randomly selected eight 7-month-old Dazu black goats (DBGs) of similar body weight and equally assigned four bucks as the immunised and negative control groups. The immunised group received the Salmonella typhi attenuated vaccine CSO22 (ptCS/2SS-asd) orally, whilst the negative control group received the empty vector vaccine CSO22 (pVAX-asd) orally.
Results
The SS concentration in the serum of goats in the immunised group was significantly lower than that in the negative control group, and the daily gain was significantly higher (p < 0.05). SS-14 DNA vaccine immunisation resulted in significantly higher concentrations of growth-related hormones such as GH-releasing hormone and IGF-1 in the serum of goats (p < 0.05). RNA-seq analysis of hypothalamus of oral SS-14 DNA vaccine and negative control DBGs identified 31 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Pituitary gland identified 164 DEGs. A total of 246 DEGs were detected in the liver by RNA-seq. Gene ontology (GO) of DEGs was enriched in mitochondrial envelope, extracellular region, receptor binding and cell proliferation. The biological metabolic pathways associated with DEGs were explored by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analysis. DEGs were associated with metabolic pathways, oxidative phosphorylation, vitamin digestion and absorption and galactose metabolism. These candidate genes (e.g. DGKK, CYTB, DUSP1 and LRAT) may provide references for exploring the molecular mechanisms by which SS promotes growth and development.
Conclusion
Overall, these results demonstrated that the SS DNA vaccine enhanced the growth of DBGs by altering growth-related hormone concentrations and regulating the expression of growth-related genes in the hypothalamic–pituitary–liver axis.
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| Keywords:
Dazu Black Goats; DNA Vaccine; Hormones; Somatostatin; Transcriptome Sequencing |
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