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Anim Biosci > Volume 36(1); 2023 > Article |
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Items | Low 1,500 | Level of metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) | High 3,250 | ||||||
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1,890 | 2,060 | 2,230 | 2,400 | 2,730 | 2,960 | 3,070 | |||
Ingredients | |||||||||
Corn | 16.16 | 24.95 | 28.78 | 32.61 | 36.44 | 43.87 | 49.06 | 51.53 | 55.59 |
Soybean meal 45% | 32.91 | 31.05 | 30.23 | 29.42 | 28.61 | 27.03 | 25.94 | 25.41 | 24.55 |
Rice husk | 23.11 | 17.96 | 15.71 | 13.47 | 11.22 | 6.87 | 3.83 | 2.38 | - |
Soy oil | 0.7 | 2.18 | 2.83 | 3.48 | 4.13 | 5.38 | 6.26 | 6.67 | 7.36 |
Lignocellulose 65% | 15.00 | 11.66 | 10.20 | 8.74 | 7.29 | 4.46 | 2.49 | 1.54 | - |
Limestone | 6.72 | 6.72 | 6.73 | 6.73 | 6.73 | 6.73 | 6.74 | 6.74 | 6.74 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 | 1.16 |
Salt | 0.28 | 0.29 | 0.30 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.32 | 0.33 | 0.33 | 0.34 |
DL-Methionine, 99% | 0.86 | 0.85 | 0.84 | 0.84 | 0.83 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.82 | 0.81 |
L-Lysine HCl, 78% | 0.6 | 0.63 | 0.65 | 0.66 | 0.68 | 0.71 | 0.73 | 0.73 | 0.75 |
L-Arginine | 0.72 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.77 | 0.78 | 0.80 | 0.81 | 0.82 | 0.83 |
L-Threonine | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.41 | 0.41 | 0.41 |
L-Valine | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.49 | 0.49 |
L-Isoleucine | 0.36 | 0.37 | 0.37 | 0.38 | 0.38 | 0.39 | 0.39 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
L-Tryptophan | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.15 | 0.16 | 0.16 | 0.16 |
Vitamin and Mineral premix1) | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 | 0.40 |
BHT2) | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
Total | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 | 100 |
Nutritional composition calculated | |||||||||
Metabolizable energy (kcal/kg) | 1,500 | 1,890 | 2,060 | 2,230 | 2,400 | 2,730 | 2,960 | 3,070 | 3,250 |
Crude protein (%) | 19.50 | 19.50 | 19.50 | 19.50 | 19.50 | 19.50 | 19.50 | 19.50 | 19.50 |
Digestible lysine (%) | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 | 1.30 |
Digestible M+C (%) | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 | 1.24 |
Digestible threonine (%) | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 | 0.91 |
Digestible tryptophan (%) | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 | 0.31 |
Digestible valine (%) | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 | 1.13 |
Calcium (%) | 2.90 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 2.90 | 2.90 |
Available phosphorus (%) | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Sodium (%) | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 | 0.14 |
1) Vitamin premix provided the following (per kg of diet): Vit. A 1,750.000 U. I; Vit. D3 500,000 U. I; Vit. E 2,000 U. I; Vit. K3 500 mg; Vit. B1 250 mg; Vit. B2 875 mg; Vit. B6 500 mg; Vit. B12 1,250 mcg/kg; niacin 6,250 mg; choline 65 g; pentatonic acid 2,500 mg; copper 2,000 mg/kg; ferro 12,500 g; manganese 17,500 g; zinc 12,500 g; iodine 300 mg; selenium 50 mg.
Levels kcal/kg | FI (g/bird·d) | EP (%/bird/d) | EW (g) | EO (g/d) | FCR (g/g) | BW (g) | ΔBW (g/bird·d gain) | MOR | |
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Calculated | Analyzed | ||||||||
1,500 | 1,609 | 25.7±2.2 | 2.3±1.3 | 10.8±0.8 | 0.2±0.1 | 98.1±38.6 | 53±6 | −0.57±0.15 | 8 |
1,890 | 1,740 | 23.9±1.4 | 10.1±1.4 | 10.3±0.6 | 1.0±0.2 | 23.2±3.5 | 155±8 | −0.35±0.08 | 1 |
2,060 | 1,895 | 23.5±1.3 | 19.1±3.9 | 10.8±0.4 | 2.1±0.4 | 12.0±2.8 | 166±5 | −0.25±0.04 | 4 |
2,230 | 2,260 | 24.4±0.7 | 29.4±12.6 | 10.2±0.4 | 3.0±1.5 | 8.7±2.4 | 169±6 | −0.16±0.05 | 1 |
2,400 | 2,394 | 24.2±0.5 | 50.0±16.2 | 10.8±0.4 | 5.4±1.6 | 4.5±1.0 | 175±13 | −0.15±0.07 | 2 |
2,730 | 2,643 | 23.8±1.9 | 69.4±6.3 | 11.2±0.2 | 7.8±0.8 | 3.2±0.2 | 180±14 | −0.04±0.06 | 1 |
2,960 | 2,892 | 23.5±0.7 | 73.9±2.2 | 11.2±0.3 | 8.2±0.4 | 2.9 ±0.1 | 181±9 | 0.01±0.07 | 1 |
3,070 | 3,045 | 23.4±0.7 | 75.1±6.2 | 11.3±0.3 | 8.5±0.8 | 2.8±0.2 | 190±8 | 0.08±0.02 | 0 |
3,250 | 3,058 | 23.3±0.6 | 77.8±3.3 | 11.7±0.6 | 9.1±0.3 | 2.6±0.1 | 194±12 | 0.17±0.02 | 0 |
Average | 24.0 | 45.2 | 10.9 | 5.0 | 17.6 | 163 | −0.14 | 2 | |
SEM | 0.103 | 4.176 | 0.066 | 0.483 | 4.251 | - | 0.031 | - | |
p-value1) | 0.026 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | 0.001 | - | 0.001 | - |
Parameters | FI (g/bird·d) | EP (%/bird/d) | EW | EO (g/d) | FCR (g/g) | ΔBW (g/bird·d gain) |
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ψ, Asymptote, Y axis | 23.4±0.43 | 74.0±2.09 | 10.4±0.14 | 8.4±0.34 | 3.1±0.49 | 0.007±0.0007 |
α, Slope | −0.9±0.53 | 58.2±4.40 | 1.9 ±0.21 | 5.9± 0.41 | −25.2±5.23 | −0.317±0.075 |
τ, Break point, X axis | 3,040±72 | 2,820±7 | 1,802±180 | 2,960± 8 | 2,610±87 | 2,892±282 |
β, Slope | - | - | 0.78±0.12 | - | - | - |
p-value1) | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 | 0.050 |
R2 | 51.85 | 90.59 | 30.21 | 86.49 | 89.86 | 25.32 |
Levels (kcal/kg) | BW (g) | LW (g) | LL | RLW (g) | LLW (g) | OW (g) | OL (cm) | NMC | NIC | |
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Calculated | Analyzed | |||||||||
1,500 | 1,609 | 145±19 | 2.4±0.1 | 3.7±0.1 | 1.2±0.2 | 0.7±0.1 | 0.5±0.2 | 6.4±4.4 | 11.0±0.1 | 18.0±0.1 |
1,890 | 1,740 | 161±80 | 5.0±0.9 | 4.9±0.7 | 3.0±0.5 | 1.9±0.5 | 5.5±1.3 | 24.6±7.7 | 14.2±1.2 | 13.6±1.8 |
2,060 | 1,895 | 164±15 | 4.7±1.2 | 4.1±0.4 | 2.8±0.5 | 1.8±0.5 | 5.3±0.8 | 29.5±2.6 | 14.8±2.2 | 15.6±0.8 |
2,230 | 2,260 | 169±17 | 5.2±1.3 | 4.1±0.3 | 3.0±0.8 | 1.9±0.3 | 5.6±1.1 | 28.7±2.4 | 13.0±1.1 | 13.8±1.2 |
2,400 | 2,394 | 170±16 | 5.3±1.0 | 4.6±0.4 | 2.8±1.0 | 2.4±0.4 | 6.4±0.7 | 33.0±2.7 | 14.2±1.5 | 14.7±1.5 |
2,730 | 2,643 | 174±10 | 4.2±1.4 | 3.5±0.7 | 2.5±0.9 | 1.8±0.8 | 5.2±1.6 | 28.9±3.3 | 13.2±1.1 | 14.0±1.4 |
2,960 | 2,892 | 178±80 | 4.8±0.7 | 4.3±0.2 | 2.8±0.4 | 1.9±0.3 | 6.3±0.9 | 34.0±2.8 | 14.8±0.7 | 13.4±1.5 |
3,070 | 3,045 | 180±21 | 5.6±0.5 | 4.1±0.2 | 3.4±0.4 | 2.2±0.4 | 7.1±1.2 | 29.2±5.6 | 12.8±2.7 | 12.6±1.8 |
3,250 | 3,058 | 182±13 | 6.6±0.4 | 4.3±0.3 | 3.8±0.3 | 2.6±0.4 | 7.5±1.3 | 31.5±4.0 | 15.0±0.6 | 14.4±1.8 |
Average | 169 | 4.9 | 4.2 | 2.8 | 1.9 | 5.5 | 27.3 | 13.7 | 14.5 | |
SEM | 1.57 | 0.16 | 0.06 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.28 | 1.13 | 0.18 | 0.21 | |
p-value | NS1) | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Variables | F1 | F2 | F3 | F4 |
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Liver weight | 0.961* | 0.089 | 0.050 | 0.013 |
Liver length | 0.062 | −0.118 | 0.732* | −0.135 |
Right lobe weight | 0.765* | −0.137 | 0.006 | −0.002 |
Left lobe weight | 0.754* | 0.286 | 0.009 | 0.046 |
Oviduct weight | 0.130 | 0.756* | 0.320 | 0.002 |
Oviduct length | −0.006 | 0.830* | −0.163 | −0.017 |
Number of magno’s crimp | 0.049 | 0.143 | 0.795* | 0.163 |
Esteatosis number | 0.697* | −0.237 | 0.189 | −0.280 |
Esteatosis area | 0.344 | −0.269 | 0.274 | −0.761* |
Kupffer cells area | 0.206 | −0.234 | 0.281 | 0.816* |
Explained variance | 2.751 | 1.589 | 1.492 | 1.372 |
p-value1) | 0.148 | 0.500 | 0.148 | 0.937 |
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