1. Wells JE, Oliver WT, Yen JT. The effects of dietary additives on faecal levels of
Lactobacillus spp., coliforms, and
Escherichia coli, and faecal prevalence of
Salmonella spp. and
Campylobacter spp. in US production nursery swine. J Appl Microbiol 2010;108:306–14.
https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04423.x
2. Yin FG, Liu YL, Yin YL, et al. Dietary supplementation with
Astragalus polysaccharide enhances ileal digestibilities and serum concentrations of amino acids in early weaned piglets. Amino Acids 2009;37:263–70.
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-008-0142-6
3. Kong XF, Wu GY, Liao YP, et al. Dietary supplementation with Chinese herbal ultra-fine powder enhances cellular and humoral immunity in early-weaned piglets. Livest Sci 2007;108:94–8.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2007.01.002
4. Yin F, Yin Y, Kong X, et al. Dietary supplementation with
Acanthopanax senticosus extract modulates gut microflora in weaned piglets. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2008;21:1330–8.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2008.70583
5. Valchev G, Popova-Ralcheva S, Bonovska M, Zaprianova I, Gudev D. Effect of dietary supplements of herb extracts on performance in growing pigs. Biotechnol Anim Husb 2009;25:859–70.
6. Yan L, Meng QW, Kim IH. The effect of an herb extract mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics and fecal noxious gas content in growing pigs. Livest Sci 2011;141:143–7.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2011.05.011
8. Park JH, Kim IH. Effects of dietary
Achyranthes japonica extract supplementation on the growth performance, total tract digestibility, cecal microflora, excreta noxious gas emission, and meat quality of broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2020;99:463–70.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez533
9. Jung SM, Choi SI, Park SM, Heo TR. Antimicrobial effect of Achyranthes japonica Nakai extracts against Clostridium difficile. Korean J Food Sci Technol 2007;39:564–8.
11. Bang SY, Kim JH, Kim HY, et al.
Achyranthes japonica exhibits anti-inflammatory effect via NF-κB suppression and HO-1 induction in macrophages. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;144:109–17.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.08.037
12. Jang GY, Kim HY, Lee SH, et al. Effects of heat treatment and extraction method on antioxidant activity of several medicinal plants. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2012;41:914–20.
https://doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2012.41.7.914
13. NRC. Committee on Nutrient Requirements of Swine Nutrient requirements of swine. 11th edWashington, DC, USA: National Academies Press; 2012.
14. Horwitz W. AOAC International Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. 17th edGaithersburg, MD, USA: AOAC International; 2000.
15. Lin B, Qiu JT, Huang CH, Li GP, Huang YF. Effect of Chinese medicinal herbs on blood biochemical parameters of piglet early weaning diarrhea. Fujian J Agric Sci 2000;15:37–40.
16. Czech A, Kowalczuk E, Grela ER. The effect of a herbal extract used in pig fattening on the animals’ performance and blood components. Ann Univ Mariae Curie Sklodowska Sect EE Zootech 2009;27:25–33.
18. Lee SG, Lee EJ, Park WD, Kim JB, Kim EO, Choi SW. Anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritis effects of fermented
Achyranthes japonica Nakai. J Ethnopharmacol 2012;142:634–41.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2012.05.020
19. Meng DL, Li X. Progression of researches on chemical constituents and pharmaco-activity of Radix Achyranthis Bidentatae. J Chin Med Chem 2001;11:120–4.
22. Chen Q, He J, Liu Z. The effect of Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on intestinal microflora and mucous membrane of weaning piglets. J Hunan Agric Univ (Nat Sci) 2007;6:723–6.
23. Liu Z, Wang X, Ou S, Arowolo MA, Hou DX, He J. Effects of
Achyranthes bidentata polysaccharides on intestinal morphology, immune response, and gut microbiome in yellow broiler chickens challenged with
Escherichia coli K88. Polymers 2018;10:1233.
https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10111233
24. Nagy B, Fekete PZ. Enterotoxigenic
Escherichia coli (ETEC) in farm animals. Vet Res 1999;30:259–84.
25. Jacobsen CN, Nielsen VR, Hayford AE, et al. Screening of probiotic activities of forty-seven strains of
Lactobacillus spp. by
in vitro techniques and evaluation of the colonization ability of five selected strains in humans. Appl Environ Microbiol 1999;65:4949–56.
https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.65.11.4949-4956.1999
27. Yan L, Meng QW, Kim IH. Effect of an herb extract mixture on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, and fecal microbial shedding in weanling pigs. Livest Sci 2012;145:189–95.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2012.02.001
28. Xie HB, Zou Y, Liu LL, Yang YS, He JH. Effects of botanical polysaccharide on growth performance and intestinal environment of weaned piglets. Chin J Anim Nutr 2018;30:2662–71.
29. Windisch W, Schedle K, Plitzner C, Kroismayr A. Use of phytogenic products as feed additives for swine and poultry. J Anim Sci 2008;86:Suppl 14E140–8.
https://doi.org/10.2527/jas.2007-0459
31. Yin J, Kim HS, Kim YM, Kim IH. Effects of dietary fermented red ginseng marc and red ginseng extract on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood profile, fecal microbial, and noxious gas emission in weanling pigs. J Appl Anim Res 2018;46:1084–9.
https://doi.org/10.1080/09712119.2018.1466708
32. Yan L, Wang JP, Kim HJ, et al. Influence of essential oil supplementation and diets with different nutrient densities on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, blood characteristics, meat quality and fecal noxious gas content in grower–finisher pigs. Livest Sci 2010;128:115–22.
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2009.11.008
33. Sun HY, Kim IH. Effects of multi-enzyme on production performance, egg quality, nutrient digestibility, and excreta noxious gas emission of early phase Hy-line brown hens. Poult Sci 2019;98:4889–95.
https://doi.org/10.3382/ps/pez237
34. Cho JH, Chen YJ, Min BJ, et al. Effects of essential oils supplementation on growth performance, IgG concentration and fecal noxious gas concentration of weaned pigs. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2006;19:80–5.
https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.2006.80