Anim Biosci > Volume 32(4); 2019 > Article |
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Variable | CL1) | TF1) | CR1) |
---|---|---|---|
Dry matter (%) | 93.3 | 92.8 | 88.1 |
Crude protein (%) | 27.0 | 19.1 | 1.35 |
Ether extract (%) | 9.00 | 6.50 | 0.55 |
NDF (%) | 36.0 | 45.0 | ND2) |
ADF (%) | 26.0 | 32.3 | 24.3 |
ADL (%) | 11.0 | 2.10 | 3.24 |
Ash (%) | 7.60 | 4.00 | 1.90 |
Starch (%) | 8.01 | 3.98 | 56.7 |
Sugar (%) | 0.71 | 0.31 | 7.70 |
Insoluble fiber (%) | 39.9 | 62.7 | 29.3 |
Soluble fiber (%) | 3.30 | 5.16 | 5.83 |
Total dietary fiber (%) | 43.2 | 67.8 | 35.1 |
NSP (%) | 30.1 | 56.3 | 24.3 |
Total VFA (μmol/g) | 2.44 | 7.73 | 4.36 |
Items | Diet1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
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Con | CL | TF | CR | |
Ingredient (%) | ||||
Test ingredient2) | - | 7.49 | 3.99 | 9.26 |
Finely ground corn | 26.0 | 20.0 | 18.9 | 15.0 |
Rice bran | 39.5 | 22.7 | 23.1 | 18.5 |
Cassava powder3) | 15.9 | 29.4 | 33.0 | 33.3 |
Soybean meal | 11.6 | 17.7 | 12.6 | 15.5 |
Fish meal | 6.90 | 2.70 | 8.50 | 8.50 |
Soybean oil | 2.40 | 2.30 | 2.00 | 2.60 |
L-lysine4) | 0.10 | 0.15 | 0.06 | 0.02 |
Chemical composition | ||||
Dry matter (%) | 92.6 | 94.4 | 93.0 | 93.0 |
Crude protein (%) | 17.9 | 18.2 | 17.9 | 17. 7 |
Metabolisable energy (MJ/kg) | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 |
Ash (%) | 5.22 | 4.92 | 5.23 | 4.94 |
NSP (%) | 10.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
IDCP (g/kg) | 141 | 143 | 141 | 143 |
NDF (%) | 20.3 | 19.7 | 18.7 | ND5) |
ADF (%) | 6.98 | 8.88 | 8.30 | 8.97 |
ADL (%) | 1.60 | 2.22 | 1.52 | 1.60 |
Starch (%) | 45.1 | 42.7 | 43.1 | 44.1 |
Insoluble fiber (%) | 19.5 | 18.8 | 18.4 | 17.5 |
Soluble fiber (%) | 2.99 | 3.13 | 3.07 | 3.34 |
Total dietary fiber (%) | 22.5 | 21.9 | 21.5 | 20.8 |
Total VFA (μmol/g) | 3.31 | 3.72 | 3.97 | 3.84 |
NSP, non-starch polysaccharide; IDCP, ileal digestible crude protein, assessed through in vitro simulation; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; ADL, acid detergent lignin; VAF, volatile fatty acid.
1) Con, control treatment; CL, cassava leaves meal treatment; TF, tofu by-product treatment; CR, cassava root residue treatment.
3) Finely ground cassava root (Feedipedia.org).
5) ND, not determined due to unreliable NDF analysis of cassava root (see Table 1).
Items | Diet1) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
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Con | CL | TF | CR | |
Ingredient (%) | ||||
Test ingredient2) | - | 7.49 | 3.99 | 9.26 |
Finely ground corn | 35.0 | 28.4 | 25.0 | 25.0 |
Rice bran | 33.1 | 15.0 | 21.6 | 10.8 |
Cassava powder3) | 17.6 | 33.1 | 32.8 | 35.1 |
Soybean meal | 9.00 | 13.0 | 11.6 | 12.9 |
Fish meal | 5.30 | 3.00 | 5.00 | 6.90 |
Soybean oil | 1.90 | 1.80 | 2.00 | 2.00 |
Chemical composition | ||||
DM (%) | 91.7 | 93.4 | 91.4 | 91.4 |
Crude protein (%) | 15.2 | 15.1 | 15.3 | 14.7 |
Metabolisable energy (MJ/kg) | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 | 15.2 |
Ether extract (%) | 7.20 | 5.00 | 5.10 | 4.70 |
Ash (%) | 4.60 | 4.60 | 4.50 | 4.30 |
NSP (%) | 10.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 | 15.0 |
IDCP (g/kg) | 121 | 121 | 123 | 123 |
NDF (%) | 19.8 | 18.8 | 19.1 | ND4) |
ADF (%) | 6.86 | 8.66 | 8.25 | 8.79 |
ADL (%) | 1.54 | 2.15 | 1.53 | 1.52 |
Starch (%) | 48.9 | 46.5 | 46.3 | 48.2 |
Insoluble fiber (%) | 18.3 | 17.4 | 18.0 | 16.1 |
Soluble fiber (%) | 2.72 | 2.80 | 2.92 | 3.06 |
Total dietary fiber (%) | 21.0 | 20.2 | 20.9 | 19.2 |
Total VFA (μmol/g) | 3.67 | 4.12 | 4.19 | 4.23 |
DM, dry matter; NSP, non-starch polysaccharide; IDCP, ileal digestible crude protein, assessed through in vitro simulation; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; ADF, acid detergent fiber; ADL, acid detergent lignin; VAF, volatile fatty acid.
1) Con, control treatment; CL, cassava leaves meal treatment; TF, tofu by-product treatment; CR, cassava root residue treatment.
3) Finely ground cassava root (Feedipedia.org).
4) ND, not determined due to unreliable NDF analysis of cassava root (see Table 1).
Variable | Diet1) | SEM | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Con | CL | TF | CR | |||
First period (n = 10) | ||||||
Initial body weight (kg) | 28.7 | 28.7 | 28.8 | 28.3 | 0.60 | 0.95 |
Final body weight (kg) | 51.3 | 50.3 | 54.3 | 52.9 | 1.40 | 0.16 |
Feed intake (kg feed/d) | 1.89 | 1.93 | 2.12(*) | 1.96 | 0.07 | 0.14 |
NSP intake (g/d) | 189 | 289** | 318** | 294** | 9.87 | 0.00 |
ADG (g/d) | 727 | 695 | 827 | 794 | 33.3 | 0.03 |
FCR (kg feed/kg BW) | 2.60 | 2.79(*) | 2.57 | 2.48 | 0.06 | 0.01 |
Second period (n = 6) | ||||||
Initial body weight (kg) | 51.4 | 49.6 | 54.4 | 53.1 | 1.36 | 0.10 |
Final body weight (kg) | 78.3 | 76.2 | 84.3 | 87.8* | 2.39 | 0.01 |
Feed intake (kg feed/d) | 2.54 | 2.36 | 2.59 | 2.72 | 0.12 | 0.27 |
NSP intake (g/d) | 254 | 354** | 389** | 408** | 18.2 | 0.00 |
ADG (g/d) | 725 | 718 | 806 | 937* | 50.3 | 0.02 |
FCR (kg feed/kg BW) | 3.52 | 3.33 | 3.23 | 2.95* | 0.14 | 0.07 |
Variable | Diet2) | SEM | p-value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Con | CL | TF | CR | |||
Dry matter | 0.87 | 0.85 | 0.87 | 0.89** | 0.006 | 0.007 |
Organic matter | 0.90 | 0.87* | 0.90 | 0.91 | 0.005 | 0.004 |
Crude protein | 0.83 | 0.78(*) | 0.82 | 0.84 | 0.009 | 0.005 |
Ether extract | 0.81 | 0.69* | 0.75 | 0.85 | 0.025 | 0.004 |
Variable | Diet1) | SEM | p value | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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Con | CL | TF | CR | |||
N intake (g/d) | 50.7 | 49.1 | 49.7 | 49.8 | 2.10 | 0.95 |
N-feces (g/d) | 8.64 | 10.7 | 9.03 | 8.04 | 0.70 | 0.09 |
N-Urine (g/d) | 18.2 | 17.8 | 16.0 | 17.5 | 1.56 | 0.78 |
Total N excretion (% NI) | 52.7 | 58.1 | 50.4 | 51.2 | 3.04 | 0.32 |
N-urine (% NE) | 67.8 | 62.5 | 63.7 | 68.1 | 1.90 | 0.14 |
N retention (g/d) | 23.9 | 20.6 | 24.6 | 24.3 | 1.70 | 0.36 |
Urinary N/fecal N | 2.5 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 2.4 | 0.20 | 0.09 |
Purine bases (g/g DM) | 1.55 | 1.47 | 1.75 | 1.82 | 0.11 | 0.15 |
Purine bases N/fecal N | 0.23 | 0.19 | 0.24 | 0.24 | 0.01 | 0.10 |
Fecal VFA (g/kg DM) | ||||||
Acetate | 23.8 | 27.4 | 30.6 | 25.3 | 2.32 | 0.24 |
Propionate | 9.30 | 9.41 | 11.5 | 9.74 | 0.87 | 0.31 |
Butyrate | 4.39 | 5.85 | 7.79* | 6.22 | 0.77 | 0.06 |
Iso-butyrate | 1.23 | 1.33 | 1.49 | 1.90** | 0.10 | 0.003 |
Iso-valerate | 2.22 | 2.49 | 2.62 | 3.41** | 0.19 | 0.004 |
Valerate | 1.89 | 1.75 | 2.69(*) | 2.22 | 0.24 | 0.07 |
Caproate | 0.33 | 0.39 | 0.61 | 0.24(*) | 0.08 | 0.03 |
Total VFA | 43.1 | 48.6 | 57.3(*) | 49.0 | 4.10 | 0.17 |