Anim Biosci > Volume 31(8); 2018 > Article |
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Ingredient | Diets used in formulation 1 | Diets used in formulation 2 | ||||||||
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High protein basal diet | Low protein basal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | |
Corn | - | - | 40.00 | - | - | - | 96.00 | 53.65 | 71.80 | 50.02 |
Wheat bran | - | - | - | 25.00 | - | - | - | 25.00 | ||
Soybean meal | - | - | - | - | 30.00 | - | - | 18.75 | 25.00 | 17.50 |
Rapeseed meal | - | - | - | - | - | 30.00 | - | 30.00 | ||
Choline chloride | - | - | - | - | - | - | 1.10 | 0.62 | 0.83 | 0.58 |
Corn | 14.88 | 37.18 | 8.07 | - | 25.94 | 25.94 | - | - | - | - |
Wheat | 24.80 | 34.72 | 14.80 | 18.55 | 24.22 | 24.22 | - | - | - | - |
Rice | 24.80 | 14.88 | 14.80 | 18.55 | 10.38 | 10.38 | - | - | - | - |
Soybean meal | 27.26 | 4.96 | 16.27 | 20.30 | 3.46 | 3.46 | - | - | - | - |
Rapeseed meal | 5.21 | 4.80 | 3.09 | 3.90 | 3.34 | 3.34 | - | - | - | - |
Limestone | 1.08 | 0.91 | 1.10 | 0.89 | 0.63 | 0.63 | 0.90 | 0.51 | 0.68 | 0.47 |
Salt | 0.60 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.45 | 0.35 | 0.35 | 0.30 | 0.17 | 0.23 | 0.16 |
Calcium phosphate | 0.35 | 0.85 | 0.46 | 0.26 | 0.59 | 0.59 | 0.90 | 0.51 | 0.68 | 0.47 |
DL-Methionine | 0.16 | 0.32 | 0.10 | 0.12 | 0.22 | 0.22 | - | - | - | - |
L-lysine HCl | 0.04 | 0.07 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.05 | - | - | - | - |
L-threonine | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | - | - | - | - |
Vitamin-mineral premix1) | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 | 0.50 |
Cr2O3 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
Total | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 | 100.00 |
1) Premix provided the following quantities of vitamins and microminerals per kg of complete diet: vitamin A, 5,512 IU; vitamin D3, 2,200 IU; vitamin E, 64 IU; vitamin K3, 2.2 mg; vitamin B12, 27.6 μg; riboflavin, 5.5 mg; pantothenic acid, 13.8 mg; niacin, 30.3 mg; choline chloride, 551 mg; Mn, 40 mg; Fe, 100 mg; Zn, 100 mg; Cu, 100 mg; I, 0.3 mg; Se, 0.3 mg.
Item | Diets used in formulation 1 | Diets used in formulation 2 | ||||||||
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High protein basal diet | Low protein basal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 0.89 | 0.97 | 0.91 | 0.95 | 0.87 | 0.95 | 0.94 | 1.05 | 0.96 | 0.93 |
Cr2O3 marker method | 1.02 | 1.13 | 0.78 | 1.00 | 1.09 | 0.97 | 1.02 | 0.99 | 1.17 | 0.98 |
SEM | 0.09 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.04 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.10 |
p-value | NS | * | NS | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Item | Method | Diets used in formulation 1 | Diets used in formulation 2 | ||||||||
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High protein basal diet | Low protein basal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | ||
DE (MJ/kg) | Total feces collection method | 14.58ab | 14.28b | 14.24 | 13.92 | 14.74 | 13.71b | 13.86b | 13.13 | 14.07 | 13.18 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 14.48b | 14.32b | 14.16 | 13.92 | 14.90 | 13.71b | 13.81b | 13.38 | 14.04 | 13.09 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 14.84a | 14.68a | 14.33 | 14.17 | 14.81 | 14.12a | 14.22a | 13.59 | 14.29 | 13.57 | |
SEM | 0.08 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.08 | 0.15 | 0.09 | 0.18 | |
p-value | * | ** | NS | NS | NS | ** | ** | NS | NS | NS | |
ME (MJ/kg) | Total feces collection method | 14.37ab | 14.01b | 13.93 | 13.70 | 14.44 | 13.37b | 13.68b | 12.93 | 13.85 | 13.02 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 14.27b | 14.06b | 13.85 | 13.69 | 14.60 | 13.37b | 13.62b | 13.18 | 13.83 | 12.93 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 14.62a | 14.42a | 14.02 | 13.94 | 14.52 | 13.78a | 14.04a | 13.40 | 14.07 | 13.41 | |
SEM | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.16 | 0.09 | 0.19 | |
p-value | * | ** | NS | NS | NS | * | *** | NS | NS | NS | |
ME:DE | Total feces collection method | 98.5 | 98.1 | 97.8 | 98.4 | 98.0 | 97.5 | 98.7 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 98.8 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 98.5 | 98.1 | 97.8 | 98.4 | 98.0 | 97.6 | 98.7 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 98.8 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 98.5 | 98.2 | 97.8 | 98.4 | 98.0 | 97.6 | 98.7 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 98.8 | |
SEM | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | |
p-value | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
ATTD of GE | Total feces collection method | 91.4ab | 90.2b | 90.6 | 85.9 | 91.0 | 84.8b | 89.4b | 82.6 | 89.9 | 82.3 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 90.7b | 90.5b | 90.1 | 85.9 | 92.0 | 84.8b | 89.0b | 84.2 | 89.7 | 81.7 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 93.0a | 92.8a | 91.2 | 87.4 | 91.5 | 87.4a | 91.7a | 85.5 | 91.3 | 84.7 | |
SEM | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.0 | 0.6 | 1.1 | |
p-value | * | ** | NS | NS | NS | ** | ** | NS | NS | NS |
Item | Method | Diets used in formulation 1 | Diets used in formulation 2 | ||||||||
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High protein basal diet | Low protein basal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | ||
ATTD of CP | Total feces collection method | 90.5 | 89.1b | 89.4 | 87.3 | 90.8 | 84.3 | 83.3 | 82.7 | 89.6 | 82.2 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 89.9 | 89.3b | 88.8 | 87.3 | 91.7 | 84.2 | 82.7 | 84.1 | 89.2 | 81.7 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 92.2 | 91.8a | 90.0 | 88.6 | 91.3 | 87.1 | 87.1 | 85.5 | 90.9 | 84.7 | |
SEM | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 1.1 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.8 | 1.1 | |
p-value | NS | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
ATTD of ash | Total feces collection method | 58.0b | 46.8b | 52.5 | 45.2 | 52.0 | 41.0b | 32.7b | 36.8 | 43.9 | 35.5 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 55.4b | 48.1b | 50.7 | 45.5 | 57.8 | 41.4b | 32.3b | 42.9 | 44.2 | 33.9 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 66.3a | 60.7a | 56.1 | 51.0 | 55.0 | 50.4a | 48.3a | 47.3 | 51.6 | 44.8 | |
SEM | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.1 | 2.4 | 2.5 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 3.8 | |
p-value | *** | *** | NS | NS | NS | * | *** | NS | NS | NS | |
ATTD of CF | Total feces collection method | 55.4 | 38.8b | 56.4 | 40.5 | 58.9b | 41.1 | 36.5b | 36.4 | 58.9 | 43.9 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 56.7 | 44.5ab | 57.8 | 46.6 | 66.5a | 45.4 | 40.0b | 48.2 | 61.9 | 47.0 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 64.4 | 54.5a | 59.3 | 47.1 | 62.0ab | 50.3 | 51.1a | 47.0 | 65.5 | 52.6 | |
SEM | 3.5 | 3.6 | 2.7 | 3.0 | 1.9 | 2.6 | 2.2 | 3.5 | 2.6 | 3.9 | |
p-value | NS | * | NS | NS | * | NS | ** | NS | NS | NS | |
ATTD of EE | Total feces collection method | 75.1 | 73.2 | 76.6 | 68.5 | 76.2 | 68.4 | 59.6 | 66.5 | 62.1 | 74.0 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 71.9 | 74.1 | 74.4 | 67.3 | 78.1 | 68.2 | 51.5 | 67.0 | 59.5 | 70.9 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 78.8 | 80.2 | 77.5 | 70.6 | 76.8 | 73.2 | 62.9 | 69.4 | 66.2 | 76.2 | |
SEM | 2.0 | 2.1 | 1.4 | 2.5 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 6.1 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | |
p-value | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
ATTD of NDF | Total feces collection method | 66.8ab | 55.4b | 65.8 | 56.5 | 66.4 | 54.2ab | 52.2ab | 50.3 | 57.2 | 53.5 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 62.5b | 57.4b | 62.4 | 54.3 | 69.4 | 53.7b | 42.3b | 50.8 | 54.5 | 49.0 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 71.7a | 67.8a | 66.6 | 59.1 | 67.4 | 60.9a | 56.0a | 54.1 | 61.3 | 58.1 | |
SEM | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.7 | 1.9 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.6 | |
p-value | * | *** | NS | NS | NS | * | * | NS | NS | NS | |
ATTD of ADF | Total feces collection method | 56.6ab | 38.1b | 65.5 | 44.4 | 60.7 | 30.8ab | 32.8ab | 33.1 | 49.4 | 37.9 |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 50.9b | 41.0b | 62.1 | 41.6 | 64.1 | 30.2b | 19.2b | 33.6 | 46.2 | 32.0 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 62.7a | 54.9a | 66.1 | 47.7 | 61.9 | 40.9a | 38.4a | 38.3 | 54.3 | 43.3 | |
SEM | 2.6 | 3.6 | 2.0 | 2.4 | 2.0 | 3.0 | 4.5 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 4.6 | |
p-value | * | ** | NS | NS | NS | * | * | NS | NS | NS |
Item | Dry method | Diets used in formulation 1 | Diets used in formulation 2 | ||||||||
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High protein basal diet | Low protein basal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | Corn diet | Wheat bran diet | Soybean meal diet | Rapeseed meal diet | ||
DE (MJ/kg) | Freeze-dry | 14.62 | 14.36 | 14.42 | 14.03 | 14.76 | 13.78 | 13.77 | 13.10 | 14.18 | 13.27 |
Oven-dry | 14.58 | 14.28 | 14.24 | 13.92 | 14.74 | 13.71 | 13.86 | 13.13 | 14.07 | 13.18 | |
SEM | 0.10 | 0.06 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.12 | 0.09 | 0.17 | |
p-value | NS | NS | * | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
ME (MJ/kg) | Freeze-dry | 14.40 | 14.09 | 14.11 | 13.80 | 14.46 | 13.44 | 13.59 | 12.91 | 13.96 | 13.11 |
Oven-dry | 14.37 | 14.01 | 13.93 | 13.70 | 14.44 | 13.37 | 13.68 | 12.93 | 13.85 | 13.02 | |
SEM | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.10 | 0.07 | 0.12 | 0.07 | 0.11 | 0.10 | 0.16 | |
p-value | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
ME:DE | Freeze-dry | 98.5 | 98.1 | 97.8 | 98.4 | 98.0 | 97.6 | 98.7 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 98.8 |
Oven-dry | 98.5 | 98.1 | 97.8 | 98.4 | 98.0 | 97.5 | 98.7 | 98.5 | 98.5 | 98.8 | |
SEM | 0.2 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.2 | |
p-value | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
ATTD of GE | Freeze-dry | 93.8 | 91.5 | 89.1 | 85.3 | 92.4 | 85.5 | 91.2 | 83.1 | 95.7 | 85.7 |
Oven-dry | 91.4 | 90.2 | 90.6 | 85.9 | 91.0 | 84.8 | 89.4 | 82.6 | 89.9 | 82.3 | |
SEM | 1.0 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0.5 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 1.0 | |
p-value | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | ** | * | |
ATTD of CP | Freeze-dry | 90.9 | 89.6 | 90.3 | 87.6 | 91.3 | 86.2 | 85.8 | 84.3 | 90.4 | 83.4 |
Oven-dry | 90.8 | 90.1 | 89.4 | 87.8 | 91.3 | 85.2 | 84.4 | 84.1 | 89.9 | 82.9 | |
SEM | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.3 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.8 | 1.5 | 1.0 | 0.7 | 0.9 | |
p-value | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS | NS |
Item | Method | Corn | Wheat bran | Soybean meal | Rapeseed meal |
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DE (MJ/kg) | Formulation 1 | 13.66 | 12.11 | 15.72 | 12.48 |
Formulation 2 | 14.55 | 11.42 | 14.52 | 11.51 | |
SEM | 0.09 | 0.22 | 0.16 | 0.22 | |
p-value | *** | * | *** | ** | |
Total feces collection method | 14.04 | 11.48 | 15.26ab | 12.05 | |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 13.98 | 11.88 | 15.53a | 11.88 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 14.10 | 12.14 | 14.82b | 12.26 | |
SEM | 0.11 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.26 | |
p-value | NS | NS | * | NS | |
ME (MJ/kg) | Formulation 1 | 13.20 | 11.84 | 15.35 | 11.98 |
Formulation 2 | 14.36 | 11.28 | 14.22 | 11.34 | |
SEM | 0.12 | 0.27 | 0.19 | 0.22 | |
p-value | *** | NS | *** | * | |
Total feces collection method | 13.70 | 11.24 | 14.92 | 11.73 | |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 13.64 | 11.66 | 15.19 | 11.56 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 13.76 | 11.94 | 14.48 | 11.83 | |
SEM | 0.15 | 0.32 | 0.24 | 0.27 | |
p-value | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
ME:DE | Formulation 1 | 96.6 | 95.8 | 96.6 | 98.3 |
Formulation 2 | 98.7 | 96.5 | 97.1 | 95.3 | |
SEM | 0.4 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.9 | |
p-value | *** | NS | NS | * | |
Total feces collection method | 97.5 | 96.0 | 96.8 | 96.4 | |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 97.5 | 96.2 | 96.9 | 96.4 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 97.5 | 95.9 | 96.7 | 96.1 | |
SEM | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.6 | 1.0 | |
p-value | NS | NS | NS | NS | |
ATTD of GE | Formulation 1 | 89.1 | 70.7 | 92.1 | 72.7 |
Formulation 2 | 93.8 | 68.8 | 91.0 | 66.6 | |
SEM | 0.6 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 1.4 | |
p-value | *** | NS | NS | ** | |
Total feces collection method | 91.1 | 68.8 | 92.0ab | 70.1 | |
Acid-insoluble ash marker method | 90.7 | 69.8 | 93.6a | 68.1 | |
Cr2O3 marker method | 91.5 | 71.3 | 89.2b | 72.2 | |
SEM | 0.7 | 1.6 | 1.2 | 1.7 | |
p-value | NS | NS | * | NS |