1. Sontakke SD, Umapathy G, Sivaram V, Kholkute SD, Shivaji S. Semen characteristics, cryopreservation, and successful artificial insemination in the Blue rock pigeon (
Columba livia). Theriogenology 2004;62:139–53.
2. Alkan S, Baran A, Özadas ÖB, Evecev M. Morphological defects in turkey semen. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2002;26:1087–92.
3. Sexton T. Breeding by artificial insemination. Br Poult Sci Ltd 1984;175–81.
4. Cheng FP, Guo TJ, Wu JT, et al. Annual variation in semen characteristics of pigeons (
Columba livia). Poult Sci 2002;81:1050–6.
6. Malik A, Haron AW, Yusoff R, Nesa M, Bukar M, Kasim A. Evaluation of the ejaculate quality of the red jungle fowl, domestic chicken, and bantam chicken in Malaysia. Turk J Vet Anim Sci 2013;37:564–8.
7. Saacke R. Semen quality in relation to semen preservation. J Dairy Sci 1983;66:2635–44.
8. Stromberg J, Stromberg L. Guide to better hatching. Fort Dodge, IA, USA: Stromberg Pub. Co; 1975.
11. Shanmugam M, Rajkumar U, Reddy M, Rao SR. Effect of age on semen quality in naked neck and dwarf chicken under tropical climatic conditions. Anim Prod Sci 2012;52:964–8.
12. Scherf BD. World watch list for domestic animal diversity. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO); 2000.
13. Burrows W, Quinn J. The collection of spermatozoa from the domestic fowl and turkey. Poult Sci 1937;16:19–24.
14. Khan M, Ijaz A. Effects of osmotic pressure on motility, plasma membrane integrity and viability in fresh and frozen-thawed buffalo spermatozoa. Animal 2008;2:548–53.
16. Love C. Relationship between sperm motility, morphology and the fertility of stallions. Theriogenology 2011;76:547–57.
17. Pereira RJ, Napolitano A, Garcia-Pereira FL, et al. Conservation of avian germplasm by xenogeneic transplantation of spermatogonia from sexually mature donors. Stem cells Dev 2012;22:735–49.
18. Holt W. Basic aspects of frozen storage of semen. Anim Reprod SCci 2000;62:3–22.
19. Wishart G. Quantitation of the fertilising ability of fresh compared with frozen and thawed fowl spermatozoa. Br Poult Sci 1985;26:375–80.
22. Omeje S, Marire B. Evaluation of the semen characteristics of adult cocks of different genetic backgrounds. Theriogenology 1990;34:1111–8.
23. Lukaszewicz E, Jerysz A, Partyka A, Siudzinska A. Efficacy of evaluation of rooster sperm morphology using different staining methods. Res Vet Sci 2008;85:583–8.
24. Ntemka A, Tsousis G, Brozos C, et al. Breed differences of bull frozen-thawed semen. Reprod Domest Anim 2016;51:945–52.
25. Kuster C, Singer R, Althouse G. Determining sample size for the morphological assessment of sperm. Theriogenology 2004;61:691–703.
27. Love CC, Varner DD, Thompson JA. Intra-and inter-stallion variation in sperm morphology and their relationship with fertility. J Reprod Fertil Suppl 1999;93–100.
28. Sharlip ID, Jarow JP, Belker AM, et al. Best practice policies for male infertility. Fertil Steril 2002;77:873–82.
30. Brillard J-P. Factors affecting oviductal sperm storage in domestic fowl following artificial insemination. Anim Reprod Sci 1992;27:247–56.