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Anim Biosci > Volume 30(9); 2017 > Article |
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Items | Formulated net energy concentrations of diets (MJ/kg) | ||||
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9.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 11.6 | |
Ingredients (g/kg) | |||||
Corn | 179.3 | 413.8 | 543.1 | 587.6 | 612.1 |
Wheat | 350.0 | 180.0 | 80.0 | 65.0 | 30.0 |
Barley | 145.0 | 71.9 | 47.0 | 30.0 | 20.0 |
Soybean meal | 190.0 | 190.0 | 170.0 | 128.0 | 120.0 |
Fish meal | 10.0 | 25.0 | 30.0 | 35.0 | 50.0 |
Soybean oil | - | 11.0 | 27.0 | 45.6 | 67.6 |
Wheat bran | 40.0 | 20.0 | 10.0 | 10.0 | - |
Lactose | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 | 30.0 |
Whey powder | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 | 20.0 |
Dicalcium phosphate | 8.4 | 10.4 | 12.8 | 15.4 | 16.4 |
Limestone | 7.6 | 6.6 | 5.8 | 5.0 | 4.4 |
L-lysine | 5.1 | 5.5 | 6.9 | 8.8 | 9.2 |
DL-methionine | 0.8 | 1.4 | 2.1 | 2.9 | 3.2 |
L-threonine | 1.5 | 1.9 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 3.8 |
L-tryptophan | - | 0.2 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 1.0 |
NaCl | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Mineral and vitamin premix1) | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
Ethoxyquin | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
Taste enhancer | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.3 |
Total | 1,000.0 | 1,000.0 | 1,000.0 | 1,000.0 | 1,000.0 |
Nutrients (calculation, g/kg) | |||||
Standardized ileal digestile (SID) amino acid | |||||
Lysine | 11.5 | 12.1 | 12.7 | 13.3 | 13.9 |
Methionine+cysteine | 6.3 | 6.7 | 7.0 | 7.4 | 7.6 |
Threonine | 6.8 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.9 | 8.3 |
Tryptophan | 1.9 | 2.0 | 2.1 | 2.3 | 2.3 |
Total calcium | 6.5 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 7.5 | 7.9 |
Total phosphorus | 5.6 | 5.9 | 6.2 | 6.5 | 6.8 |
Nutrients (analysis, g/kg) | |||||
Dry matter | 884.0 | 880.7 | 879.5 | 880.5 | 885.4 |
Crude protein | 181.3 | 183.7 | 160.6 | 150.3 | 154.0 |
Ash | 52.2 | 41.6 | 52.5 | 49.0 | 53.4 |
Ether extract | 14.0 | 34.0 | 48.0 | 68.0 | 83.0 |
Acid-hydrolyzed ether extract | 26.0 | 41.0 | 53.0 | 75.0 | 92.0 |
Acid detergent fiber | 62.1 | 65.5 | 63.7 | 63.8 | 65.7 |
Starch (Polarimetric)2) | 402.7 | 414.9 | 433.3 | 431.4 | 424.0 |
Starch (Enzymatically)3) | 420.5 | 437.3 | 455.7 | 447.5 | 455.9 |
Sugar4) | 63.0 | 64.0 | 54.0 | 50.0 | 47.0 |
1) Provided per kilogram of the complete diet (as-fed basis): vitamin A, 10,000 IU; vitamin D3, 2,000 IU; vitamin E, 20 mg; vitamin K3, 2 mg; thiamine, 2 mg; riboflavin, 5 mg; niacin, 20 mg; pantothenic acid, 10 mg; pyridoxine, 5 mg; biotin, 0.2 mg; folic acid, 1 mg; vitamin B12, 0.03 mg; choline chloride, 600 mg; ascorbic acid, 40 mg; Fe, 100 mg as ferrous carbonate; Cu, 20 mg as copper sulfate; Zn, 100 mg as zinc oxide; Mn, 40 mg as manganous oxide; I, 0.6 mg as calcium iodate; Se, 0.3 mg as sodium selenite; and Co, 1 mg as cobalt sulfate.
2) Measured by Ewers polarimetric method [10].
3) Measured by amyloglucosidase method [11].
4) Measured by Luff-schoorl method [12].
Items | Dietary net energy concentrations2) (MJ/kg) | SEM | p-value3) | ||||||
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9.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 11.6 | T | L | Q | ||
Dry matter | 0.868 | 0.883 | 0.885 | 0.886 | 0.901 | 0.401 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.90 |
Organic matter | 0.889 | 0.903 | 0.902 | 0.902 | 0.916 | 0.372 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.84 |
Crude protein | 0.873 | 0.882 | 0.864 | 0.864 | 0.878 | 0.631 | 0.20 | 0.67 | 0.28 |
Ether extract4) | 0.499 | 0.813 | 0.844 | 0.906 | 0.911 | 2.912 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Acid-hydrolyzed EE5) | 0.582 | 0.723 | 0.741 | 0.786 | 0.843 | 1.261 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
Acid detergent fiber | 0.603 | 0.717 | 0.729 | 0.695 | 0.813 | 3.524 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.78 |
CTTAD, coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility; NE, net energy; SEM, standard error of the mean; EE, ether extract; AEE, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract.
2) Formulated NE concentrations based on NE concentrations of ingredients [7].
3) T, overall effects of treatments; L, linear effects of increasing NE concentrations of diets; Q, quadratic effects of increasing NE concentrations of diets.
4) Values were calculated from dietary EE concentrations and fecal AEE concentrations [2].
5) Values were calculated from dietary AEE concentrations and fecal AEE concentrations [3].
Items | Dietary net energy concentrations2) (MJ/kg) | SEM | p-value3) | ||||||
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9.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 11.6 | T | L | Q | ||
DCP | 179 | 184 | 158 | 147 | 153 | 1.2 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
DEE4) | 13 | 31 | 46 | 64 | 87 | 0.9 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
DAEE5) | 15 | 30 | 39 | 59 | 78 | 0.8 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
DOM | 843 | 865 | 854 | 858 | 867 | 3.5 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.40 |
DADF | 42 | 53 | 50 | 51 | 60 | 2.4 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 0.15 |
NE, net energy; SEM, standard error of the mean; DCP, digestible crude protein; DEE, digestible ether extract; DAEE, digestible acid-hydrolyzed ether extract; DOM, digestible organic matter; DADF, digestible acid detergent fiber; AEE, acid-hydrolyzed ether extract.
2) Formulated NE concentrations based on NE concentrations of ingredients [7].
3) T, overall effects of treatments; L, linear effects of increasing NE concentrations of diets; Q, quadratic effects of increasing NE concentrations of diets.
4) DEE = calculated with the amounts of dietary EE and fecal AEE [2].
5) DAEE = calculated with the amounts of dietary AEE and fecal AEE [3].
Items | Dietary net energy concentrations2) (MJ/kg) | SEM | p-value3) | ||||||
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9.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 11.6 | T | L | Q | ||
Formulated DE4) (MJ/kg) | 13.48 | 14.00 | 14.43 | 14.81 | 15.34 | - | - | - | - |
Measured DE5) (MJ/kg) | 13.46 | 14.23 | 14.48 | 14.77 | 15.55 | 0.083 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.83 |
Formulated ME4) (MJ/kg) | 12.87 | 13.41 | 13.87 | 14.29 | 14.82 | - | - | - | - |
Measured ME5) (MJ/kg) | 13.11 | 13.86 | 14.09 | 14.49 | 15.25 | 0.091 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.57 |
Measured ME:DE ratio | 0.974 | 0.974 | 0.973 | 0.981 | 0.981 | 0.002 | 0.02 | <0.01 | 0.35 |
2) Formulated NE concentrations based on NE concentrations of ingredients [7].
3) T, overall effects of treatments; L, linear effects of increasing NE concentrations of diets; Q, quadratic effects of increasing NE concentrations of diets.
4) Values were calculated based on DE and ME concentrations of ingredients [7].
Items | Dietary net energy concentrations2) (MJ/kg) | SEM | p-value3) | ||||||
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9.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 11.6 | T | L | Q | ||
NE74) (MJ/kg) | 9.56 | 10.22 | 10.57 | 11.06 | 11.60 | 0.066 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.67 |
NE84) (MJ/kg) | 9.41 | 10.08 | 10.49 | 10.93 | 11.47 | 0.058 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.27 |
NE94) (MJ/kg) | 9.45 | 10.01 | 10.24 | 10.87 | 11.10 | 0.049 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.16 |
NEaverage5) (MJ/kg) | 9.47 | 10.11 | 10.44 | 10.95 | 11.39 | 0.055 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.32 |
NE106) (MJ/kg) | 10.57 | 11.20 | 11.27 | 11.72 | 12.32 | 0.047 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.08 |
NE10:NEaverage ratio | 112 | 111 | 108 | 107 | 108 | 0.2 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
2) Formulated NE concentrations based on NE concentrations of ingredients [7].
3) T, overall effects of treatments; L, linear effects of increasing NE concentrations of diets; Q, quadratic effects of increasing NE concentrations of diets.
4) Values were predicted from Eq. 1–7 in NRC [4]; Values were predicted from Eq. 1–8 in NRC [4]; Values were predicted from Eq. 1–9 in NRC [4].
5) French NE values that were calculated by averaging NE7, NE8, and NE9 as suggested by French NE system [7].
Items | Dietary net energy concentrations2) (MJ/kg) | SEM | p-value3) | ||||||
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9.6 | 10.1 | 10.6 | 11.1 | 11.6 | T | L | Q | ||
Initial BW (kg) | 15.69 | 15.94 | 15.98 | 15.97 | 15.95 | 0.551 | - | - | - |
Final BW (kg) | 36.98 | 37.63 | 36.74 | 37.23 | 36.71 | 0.998 | 0.96 | 0.76 | 0.79 |
ADG (kg) | 0.76 | 0.78 | 0.74 | 0.76 | 0.74 | 0.021 | 0.73 | 0.40 | 0.85 |
ADFI (kg) | 1.49 | 1.57 | 1.50 | 1.51 | 1.42 | 0.050 | 0.35 | 0.21 | 0.17 |
G:F (kg/kg) | 0.511 | 0.497 | 0.495 | 0.502 | 0.524 | 0.009 | 0.09 | 0.24 | 0.01 |
NE, net energy; SEM, standard error of the mean; BW, body weight; ADG, average daily gain; ADFI, average daily feed intake; G:F, gain to feed ratio.
2) Formulated NE concentrations based on NE concentrations of ingredients [7].
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