|
Forage and hay | Co-product supplement | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|
|||||||||
Unharvested corn1 | Corn residue1 | Mixed Hay1 | Spring CWG2 | Alfalfa hay3 | Feedlot TMR4 | Composition5 | Analysis6,7 | |||
CP (%) | 9.72 | 7.75 | 11.3 | 11.3 | 18.4 | 18.9 | DDGS (%) | 30.23 | CP (%) | 20.39 |
ADF (%) | 29.3 | 41.8 | 37.3 | 34.4 | 32.0 | 28.6 | BMS (%) | 30.00 | ADF (%) | 13.88 |
NDF (%) | 51.1 | 70.2 | 56.7 | 63.6 | 43.3 | 42.5 | WM (%) | 15.00 | NDF (%) | 36.65 |
TDN (%) | 67.4 | 56.3 | 62.1 | 59.0 | 63.4 | 67.8 | SH (%) | 7.75 | Crude fat (%) | 13.14 |
IVDMD (%) | 74.1 | 50.0 | 67.1 | 68.1 | 72.1 | 77.1 | Fat (%) | 7.5 | Fiber (%) | 11.85 |
IVOMD (%) | 72.5 | 46.6 | 66.9 | 67.9 | 69.7 | 74.5 | Molasses (%) | 5.00 | Starch (%) | 5.99 |
Calcium (%) | 0.21 | 0.21 | 1.22 | 0.39 | 1.55 | 1.29 | Sodium phos (%) | 3.25 | Calcium (%) | 0.19 |
Phosphorus (%) | 0.33 | 0.09 | 0.16 | 0.24 | 0.19 | 0.43 | Salt (%) | 0.75 | Phosphorus (%) | 1.56 |
NEm (Mcal/kg) | 1.67 | 1.30 | 1.41 | 1.42 | 1.55 | 1.65 | Urea (%) | 0.35 | NEm (Mcal/kg) | 2.07 |
NEg (Mcal/kg) | 0.95 | 0.64 | 0.69 | 0.70 | 0.83 | 0.95 | TM pre-mix (%) | 0.15 | NEg (Mcal/kg) | 1.41 |
ME (Mcal/kg) | 2.51 | 2.29 | 2.20 | 2.22 | 2.37 | 2.51 | Vit. pre-mix (%) | 0.025 | ME (Mcal/kg) | 3.07 |
TMR, total mixed ration; DM, dry matter; CWG, crested wheatgrass; CP, crude protein; DDGS, distiller’s dried grain with solubles; ADF, acid detergent fiber; BMS, barley malt sprouts; NDF, neutral detergent fiber; WM, wheat middlings; TDN, total digestible nutrients; SH, soybean hulls; IVDMD, in vitro dry matter disappearance; IVOMD, and in vitro organic matter disappearance; NEm, net energy maintenance; NEg, net energy gain; ME, metabolizable energy.
1 Unharvested corn, corn residue, and supplemental hay fed during the 209 d period between October and May 2011.
2 CWG grazed during the early spring and summer prior to feedlot confinement for growing and breeding.
5 Composition of co-product supplement fed with alfalfa hay during the feedlot confinement growing and breeding period.
Treatments | SEM | p-value* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
SF | LF | |||
Number of heifers | 50 | 50 | ||
Heifer frame score | 3.50 | 5.56 | 0.33 | 0.001 |
Growing-breeding growth | ||||
Drylot Days (July 6 to Sept.29) | 85 | 85 | ||
Start weight (kg) | 297 | 347 | 22.46 | 0.001 |
Start breeding weight (Aug 11, kg) | 320 | 382 | 24.33 | 0.001 |
End weight (kg) | 369 | 429 | 28.68 | 0.001 |
Gain (kg) | 72 | 82 | 8.63 | 0.09 |
ADG (kg) | 0.85 | 0.97 | 0.10 | 0.09 |
Growing-breeding feed efficiency (DM) | ||||
Feed head/d (kg) | 9.44 | 11.34 | 0.74 | 0.001 |
Feed:gain (kg) | 11.14 | 11.75 | 0.48 | 0.41 |
Feed cost/heifer ($) | 135.18 | 157.12 | 5.00 | 0.03 |
Feed cost/d ($) | 1.5906 | 1.913 | 0.056 | 0.001 |
Feed cost/kg of gain ($) | 0.87 | 0.91 | 0.037 | 0.41 |
Combined grazing and feedlot cost | ||||
Total cost/heifer ($) | 263.34 | 315.89 | ||
Cost heifer/d (352 days) ($) | 0.75 | 0.90 |
Treatments | SEM | p-value* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
SF | LF | |||
LMA (cm2) | ||||
May | 35.12 | 37.89 | 0.895 | 0.002 |
October | 46.42 | 50.62 | 1.01 | 0.04 |
Change | 11.30 | 12.73 | 0.735 | 0.19 |
LMA/45.4 kg BW (cm2)1 | ||||
May | 2.20 | 1.78 | 0.113 | 0.02 |
October | 1.56 | 1.26 | 0.081 | 0.003 |
Change | −0.64 | −0.52 | 0.044 | 0.10 |
12th rib fat thickness (mm) | ||||
May | 0.218 | 0.236 | 0.029 | 0.67 |
October | 0.467 | 0.457 | 0.023 | 0.63 |
Change | 0.249 | 0.221 | 0.035 | 0.48 |
IMF (%) | ||||
May | 2.23 | 2.20 | 0.007 | 0.07 |
October | 3.22 | 3.13 | 0.129 | 0.59 |
Change | 0.99 | 0.93 | 0.128 | 0.68 |
Treatments | SEM | p-value* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
SF | LF | |||
Start breeding heifer age (days)1 | 505 | 499 | 2.93 | 0.14 |
May heifer weight (kg) | 270 | 312 | 21.02 | 0.003 |
May percent cycling (%)1 | 18.0 | 40.0 | 7.55 | 0.02 |
May percent of mature cow BW (%)2 | 48.7 | 46.8 | ||
August start breeding weight ( kg) | 320 | 382 | 24.33 | 0.0002 |
Start breeding percent cycling (%)1 | 90.0 | 96.0 | 2.83 | 0.07 |
Start breeding percent of estimated mature cow BW (%)2 | 57.8 | 57.3 | ||
Breeding cycle pregnancy (%) | ||||
First cycle (21 d) | 62.0 | 70.0 | 9.33 | 0.53 |
Second cycle (42 d) | 16.0 | 10.0 | 4.80 | 0.40 |
Third cycle (63 d) | 8.0 | 4.0 | 3.87 | 0.49 |
Total | 86.0 | 84.0 | 5.57 | 0.62 |
Non-pregnant | 14.0 | 16.0 | 5.57 | 0.62 |
Treatments | SEM | p-value* | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
|
||||
SF | LF | |||
Heifer value At weaning ($) | 525 | 626 | 24.51 | 0.005 |
Total development Cost/heifer ($) | 789 | 939 | 24.51 | 0.001 |
End heifer value ($) | 1,025 | 1,131 | 35.36 | 0.005 |
Net cost/pregnant heifer ($)1 | 745 | 899 | 32.30 | 0.004 |
1 Net cost per pregnant heifer was determined according to the procedure of Feuz (1992).
Effect of lactoferrin on ram sperm motility after cryopreservation2022 September;35(9)