Anim Biosci > Volume 33(4); 2020 > Article |
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Treatment | Ensiling (d) | OM | CP | EE | NDF | ADF | WSC |
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-------------------------------------------------------------- % of DM --------------------------------------------------------- | |||||||
Control | 0 | 93.38±0.65 | 10.76±0.19a | 1.19±0.11 | 64.61±1.15 | 35.91±1.04 | 3.56±0.32a |
5 | 93.34±0.43 | 10.64±1.08ab | 1.17±0.05 | 64.58±1.36 | 35.88±0.95 | 2.51±0.11b | |
15 | 93.33±0.51 | 10.46±1.28b | 1.16±0.26 | 64.53±1.03 | 35.86±0.98 | 1.17±1.05c | |
20 | 93.31±0.54 | 10.44±0.98b | 1.15±0.19 | 64.49±0.54 | 35.83±0.57 | 0.61±0.35d | |
30 | 93.31±0.71 | 10.42±0.68b | 1.13±0.19 | 64.46±1.06 | 35.82±0.55 | 0.49±0.19d | |
60 | 93.30±0.72 | 10.41±0.55b | 1.12±0.17 | 64.44±1.47 | 35.79±0.79 | 0.29±0.10e | |
LAB | 0 | 93.38±0.65 | 10.76±0.49a | 1.19±0.11 | 64.59±1.05 | 35.90±0.99 | 3.56±0.32a |
5 | 93.37±0.63 | 10.67±0.88b | 1.18±0.05 | 64.56±1.01 | 35.86±1.10 | 2.22±0.62b | |
15 | 93.35±0.85 | 10.47±0.95c | 1.17±0.21 | 64.51±1.00 | 35.84±0.97 | 1.10±0.10c | |
20 | 93.33±0.15 | 10.45±0.91c | 1.13±0.16 | 64.46±0.56 | 35.82±0.45 | 0.82±0.24d | |
30 | 93.32±0.72 | 10.44±0.61c | 1.14±0.13 | 64.46±0.49 | 35.81±0.80 | 0.53±0.15e | |
60 | 93.31±0.76 | 10.42±0.74c | 1.13±0.19 | 64.42±1.02 | 35.74±0.51 | 0.31±0.07f | |
SEM | 0.37 | 0.56 | 0.03 | 0.59 | 0.04 | 0.05 | |
Significance of main effects and interaction | |||||||
Additives (A) | 0.9297 | 0.6529 | 0.9355 | 0.9587 | 0.9435 | 0.5179 | |
Ensiling d (D) | 0.9999 | <0.0001 | 0.9775 | 0.9997 | 0.9998 | <0.0001 | |
A×D | 1.0000 | 0.0010 | 0.9998 | 0.9999 | 0.9998 | 0.0008 |
Treatment | Ensiling (d) | DM (%) | pH | Lactic acid | Acetic acid | Propionic acid | Butyric acid | Ammonia-N g/kg of FM |
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----------------------------------- % of FM ----------------------------- | ||||||||
Control | 0 | 54.92±0.70 | 6.48±0.74a | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
5 | 54.58±0.14 | 4.55±1.16b | 0.57±0.18b | 0.40±0.15b | ND | ND | 0.39±0.21d | |
15 | 53.96±1.44 | 4.36±1.01bc | 0.92±0.16a | 0.41±0.24a | ND | ND | 0.41±0.11c | |
20 | 53.54±1.19 | 4.30±0.98c | 0.95±0.09a | 0.42±0.16a | ND | ND | 0.43±0.16b | |
30 | 53.51±0.97 | 4.20±0.70c | 1.00±0.19a | 0.44±0.09a | ND | ND | 0.44±0.13b | |
60 | 53.50±1.01 | 4.19±0.83c | 1.03±0.23a | 0.45±0.19a | ND | ND | 0.47±0.21a | |
LAB | 0 | 56.92±0.70 | 6.48±0.74a | ND | ND | ND | ND | ND |
5 | 54.47±1.27 | 4.54±0.84b | 0.62±0.27b | 0.44±0.18b | ND | ND | 0.38±0.22c | |
15 | 53.90±0.99 | 4.30±0.95c | 0.94±0.39ab | 0.46±0.23a | ND | ND | 0.41±0.21b | |
20 | 53.49±2.01 | 4.22±0.59c | 0.99±0.14a | 0.45±0.13a | ND | ND | 0.42±0.39b | |
30 | 53.48±1.17 | 4.19±0.20c | 1.05±0.35a | 0.42±0.09a | ND | ND | 0.44±0.32a | |
60 | 53.46±0.98 | 4.17±0.76c | 1.09±0.15a | 0.42±0.16a | ND | ND | 0.46±0.31a | |
SEM | 1.21 | 0.27 | 0.18 | 0.13 | - | - | 0.22 | |
Significance of main effects and interaction | ||||||||
Additives (A) | 0.6813 | 0.4550 | 0.3916 | 0.5066 | - | - | 0.4312 | |
Ensiling d (D) | 0.9234 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | - | - | <0.0001 | |
A×D | 0.9999 | 0.9862 | 0.9993 | 0.6564 | -- | - | - |
Treatment | Ensiling (d) | PA1) | PB11) | PB21) | PB31) | PC1) |
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----------------------------------------------------- % f CP ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||||||
Control | 0 | 35.62±1.32b | 9.33±1.14a | 42.38±1.24a | 10.84±0.94 | 2.83±1.20 |
5 | 37.77±2.17a | 8.08±2.60b | 40.89±1.20b | 10.67±0.98 | 2.58±1.79 | |
15 | 37.84±1.49a | 7.97±1.69b | 40.79±1.59b | 10.62±0.98 | 2.77±1.80 | |
20 | 37.93±1.05a | 7.90±0.90b | 40.70±2.66b | 10.60±0.36 | 2.87±0.61 | |
30 | 37.97±1.11a | 7.80±0.89b | 40.49±1.04b | 10.57±0.94 | 3.18±0.99 | |
60 | 38.07±0.93a | 7.78±0.99b | 40.37±1.36b | 10.51±1.16 | 3.27±1.28 | |
LAB | 0 | 35.62±1.32b | 9.33±1.14a | 42.38±1.24a | 10.84±0.94 | 2.83±1.20 |
5 | 37.65±1.04a | 8.11±0.90b | 40.94±1.23b | 10.65±1.16 | 2.65±1.54 | |
15 | 37.82±0.94a | 8.04±1.63b | 40.84±2.47b | 10.61±1.46 | 2.68±1.34 | |
20 | 37.92±1.12a | 7.93±1.11b | 40.73±0.63b | 10.58±1.65 | 2.83±1.32 | |
30 | 37.95±2.05a | 7.83±2.10b | 40.51±1.28b | 10.54±1.06 | 3.16±1.39 | |
60 | 38.00±1.50a | 7.79±1.08b | 40.39±1.36b | 10.47±1.04 | 3.36±0.86 | |
SEM | 1.14 | 1.22 | 1.23 | 1.16 | 0.50 | |
Significance of main effects and interaction | ||||||
Additives (A) | 0.4852 | 0.8829 | 0.8218 | 0.8223 | 0.9970 | |
Ensiling d (D) | <0.0001 | 0.0003 | <0.0001 | 0.3514 | 0.7163 | |
A×D | 0.9975 | 1.0000 | 0.9999 | 1.0000 | 1.0000 |
CNCPS, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System; CP, crude protein; LAB, lactic acid bacteria inoculant Chikuso-1; SEM, standard error of the mean.
Treatment | Ensiling d | CHO (% of DM) | Carbohydrate fraction (% of CHO)1) | NFC % of CHO | |||
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CA | CB1 | CB2 | CC | ||||
Control | 0 | 84.29±2.10a | 12.93±2.06a | 2.34±0.83a | 64.57±1.16a | 4.45±0.63 | 31.22±1.19 |
5 | 78.43±5.66b | 7.31±1.04b | 2.31±1.04a | 64.36±3.32ab | 4.46±0.71 | 31.18±0.64 | |
15 | 78.21±4.10b | 7.21±0.95c | 2.26±1.05a | 64.28±3.05b | 4.47±1.01 | 31.25±0.95 | |
20 | 78.09±4.45b | 7.15±1.03cd | 2.24±0.97a | 64.22±2.05b | 4.48±1.02 | 31.30±0.48 | |
30 | 78.03±3.01b | 7.14±2.03cd | 2.22±0.62a | 64.19±1.01b | 4.49±0.97 | 31.32±1.06 | |
60 | 77.97±3.62b | 7.13±1.82d | 2.19±0.70a | 64.18±2.06b | 4.48±0.67 | 31.35±0.63 | |
LAB | 0 | 84.29±2.10a | 12.93±2.06a | 2.34±0.83a | 64.57±1.16a | 4.45±0.63 | 31.22±1.19 |
5 | 78.45±5.25b | 7.33±3.03b | 2.33±1.03ab | 64.32±3.04a | 4.46±0.62 | 31.23±0.80 | |
15 | 78.23±3.16b | 7.24±1.13bc | 2.27±1.08abc | 64.26±3.16a | 4.47±1.02 | 31.27±0.02 | |
20 | 78.11±4.12b | 7.18±1.12c | 2.25±0.96bc | 64.20±2.01a | 4.49±1.02 | 31.32±0.65 | |
30 | 78.04±3.70b | 7.15±2.02c | 2.24±0.06bc | 64.17±1.54a | 4.48±0.88 | 31.35±1.11 | |
60 | 77.98±3.18b | 7.14±1.02c | 2.21±0.75c | 64.15±2.10a | 4.49±0.72 | 31.36±2.20 | |
SEM | 3.37 | 1.04 | 1.04 | 2.11 | 1.02 | 3.32 | |
Significance of main effects and interaction | |||||||
Additives (A) | 0.8730 | 0.4358 | 0.5371 | 0.7627 | 0.8360 | 0.8074 | |
Ensiling d (D) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0150 | 0.0198 | 0.5819 | 0.9868 | |
A×D | 0.9997 | 0.9957 | 0.9999 | 0.9997 | 0.9977 | 0.9999 |
Treatment | Stage (d) | OM | CP | EE | NDF | ADF | WSC |
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------------------------------------------------------------ % of DM ----------------------------------------------------------------- | |||||||
Control | 0.5 | 93.15±2.12a | 10.40±2.39a | 1.15±0.89a | 65.99±2.96a | 33.10±3.70c | 0.26±0.11a |
2 | 92.18±3.13b | 10.18±1.04a | 1.12±0.90a | 65.12±3.26a | 33.33±3.28c | 0.20±0.17b | |
5 | 91.85±5.15bc | 7.61±2.22b | 1.06±0.41ab | 63.34±5.07b | 35.77±2.37b | 0.12±0.15c | |
10 | 91.63±3.35c | 7.47±1.22b | 0.90±0.82b | 63.13±4.19b | 36.59±4.16a | 0.08±0.09d | |
LAB | 0.5 | 93.26±3.59a | 10.41±2.26a | 1.17±0.87a | 65.86±2.11a | 33.02±4.33c | 0.28±0.13a |
2 | 92.38±3.10b | 10.20±1.13a | 1.14±0.92a | 64.95±2.07b | 33.28±3.09c | 0.21±0.12b | |
5 | 91.94±4.07b | 7.65±3.22b | 1.09±0.57a | 63.30±3.25c | 35.73±3.58b | 0.13±0.13c | |
10 | 91.86±3.09b | 7.55±2.11b | 0.92±0.94b | 63.09±4.27c | 36.53±4.31a | 0.10±0.12c | |
SEM | 3.15 | 2.13 | 0.74 | 2.22 | 3.23 | 0.21 | |
Significance of main effects and interaction | |||||||
Additives (A) | 0.1611 | 0.6602 | 0.4044 | 0.5527 | 0.7219 | 0.0987 | |
Stage d (D) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
A×D | 0.9623 | 0.9944 | 0.9981 | 0.9868 | 0.9868 | 0.9998 |
Treatment | Stage (d) | DM (%) | pH | Lactic acid | Acetic acid | Propionic acid | Butyric acid | Ammonia-N (g/kg of FM) |
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----------------------------------- % of FM----------------------------------- | ||||||||
Control | 0.5 | 53.47±1.27c | 4.25±1.20c | 1.01±0.46a | 0.43±0.25a | ND | ND | 0.57±0.12d |
2 | 55.69±1.24b | 4.77±0.93b | 0.88±0.12b | 0.40±0.14a | ND | ND | 0.67±0.31c | |
5 | 56.08±0.90ab | 4.85±1.09b | 0.69±0.21c | 0.36±0.23a | ND | ND | 0.74±0.12b | |
10 | 56.32±3.22a | 5.18±2.09a | 0.36±0.19d | 0.23±0.11b | ND | ND | 0.82±0.31a | |
LAB | 0.5 | 53.44±1.33c | 4.18±1.07c | 1.05±0.46a | 0.44±0.26a | ND | ND | 0.56±0.11d |
2 | 55.57±1.06b | 4.67±0.99b | 0.89±0.23b | 0.41±0.14a | ND | ND | 0.66±0.22c | |
5 | 56.04±1.34ab | 4.81±1.10b | 0.71±0.23c | 0.38±0.24a | ND | ND | 0.73±0.11b | |
10 | 56.28±2.33a | 5.15±1.05a | 0.38±0.25d | 0.24±0.14b | ND | ND | 0.81±0.32a | |
SEM | 1.25 | 1.26 | 0.02 | 0.22 | - | - | 0.22 | |
Significance of main effects and interaction | ||||||||
Additives (A) | 0.6076 | 0.2071 | 0.0864 | 0.4814 | - | - | 0.1892 | |
Stage d (D) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | - | - | <0.0001 | |
A×D | 0.9884 | 0.9338 | 0.8471 | 0.9975 | - | - | 0.8530 |
Treatment | Stage (d) | PA1) | PB11) | PB21) | PB31) | PC1) |
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------------------------------------------------------- % of CP -------------------------------------------------------------------------- | ||||||
Control | 0.5 | 38.09±2.13b | 7.20±3.06a | 40.36±3.37a | 9.83±1.21a | 4.52±2.36c |
2 | 38.27±3.08b | 7.12±2.07a | 39.73±2.18b | 9.72±2.18a | 5.16±1.15c | |
5 | 39.39±3.21a | 6.52±3.06b | 37.68±2.26c | 8.83±5.38b | 7.58±2.56b | |
10 | 39.43±2.02a | 6.39±2.02c | 37.52±1.30c | 8.34±4.37b | 8.31±2.19a | |
LAB | 0.5 | 38.06±2.05b | 7.21±3.04a | 40.38±3.15a | 9.86±2.19a | 4.49±1.22d |
2 | 38.26±3.03b | 7.14±2.04b | 39.77±2.18b | 9.74±2.07a | 5.09±2.11c | |
5 | 39.35±3.35a | 6.56±2.03c | 37.72±2.04c | 8.85±3.28b | 7.52±2.29b | |
10 | 39.41±2.01a | 6.40±2.02d | 37.53±1.05c | 8.38±4.13c | 8.29±1.12a | |
SEM | 3.09 | 2.03 | 1.13 | 3.14 | 2.35 | |
Significance of main effects and interaction | ||||||
Additives (A) | 0.7503 | 0.3834 | 0.7493 | 0.8142 | 0.4625 | |
Stage d (D) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | |
A×D | 0.9985 | 0.9351 | 0.9986 | 0.9998 | 0.7930 |
CNCPS, Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System; CP, crude protein; LAB, lactic acid bacteria inoculant Chikuso-1; SEM, standard error of the mean.
Treatment | Stage (d) | CHO (% of DM) | Carbohydrate fraction (% of CHO)1) | NFC (% of CHO) | |||
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CA | CB1 | CB2 | CC | ||||
Control | 0.5 | 77.71±2.43a | 7.10±1.08a | 2.18±1.05a | 64.16±3.07a | 4.27±1.09 | 31.57±1.54 |
2 | 76.56±1.04b | 6.94±1.17a | 1.56±1.06b | 63.84±4.03ab | 4.22±2.41 | 31.94±2.36 | |
5 | 72.36±2.34c | 3.37±2.08b | 1.16±2.06c | 63.40±2.22bc | 4.43±1.14 | 32.17±1.19 | |
10 | 71.68±3.15c | 3.31±1.43b | 1.15±1.01c | 63.12±3.60c | 4.10±1.41 | 32.78±1.76 | |
LAB | 0.5 | 77.75±2.45a | 7.11±2.01a | 2.20±1.05a | 64.15±2.01a | 4.29±2.21 | 31.56±1.66 |
2 | 76.43±1.07b | 6.98±1.14a | 1.57±2.01b | 63.75±3.85a | 4.13±1.34 | 32.12±2.67 | |
5 | 72.28±3.32c | 3.43±1.33b | 1.17±1.01c | 63.39±4.54a | 4.29±1.06 | 32.32±1.57 | |
10 | 71.89±2.14c | 3.39±0.99b | 1.16±1.03c | 63.07±2.43a | 4.27±1.18 | 32.66±1.51 | |
SEM | 2.17 | 2.31 | 1.02 | 2.26 | 1.27 | 1.32 | |
Significance of main effects and interaction | |||||||
Additives (A) | 0.9717 | 0.6348 | 0.3810 | 0.8308 | 0.9721 | 0.8302 | |
Stage d (D) | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | <0.0001 | 0.0051 | 0.8844 | 0.5181 | |
A×D | 0.9632 | 0.9949 | 0.9888 | 0.9982 | 0.9378 | 0.9605 |