Ahmad MMM, Makawi SA, Gadir AA. 1997. Reproductive performance of Saanen bucks under tropical climate. Small Rumin Res 26:151–155.
Ahmad N, Noakes DE. 1995. Seasonal variations in testis size, libido and plasma testosterone concentrations in British goats. Anim Sci 61:553–559.
Barkawi AH, Elsayed EH, Ashour G, Shehata E. 2006. Seasonal changes in semen characteristics, hormonal profiles and testicular activity in Zaraibi goats. Small Rumin Res 66:209–213.
Chauhan MS, Anand SR. 1990. Effect of egg yolk lipids on the freezing of goat semen. Theriogenology 34:1003–1013.
Chemineau P, Daveau A, Maurice F, Delgadillo JA. 1992. Seasonality of estrus and ovulation is not modified by subjecting female Alpine goats to a tropical photoperiod. Small Rumin Res 8:299–312.
Corteel JM. 1977. Production, storage and insemination of goat semen. Proceeding on management of reproduction in sheep goats symposium. University of Wisconsin; Madison: p. 41–57.
Delgadillo JA, Chemineau P. 1992. Abolition of the seasonal release of luteinizing hormone and testosterone in Alpine male goats (
Capra hircus) by short photoperiod cycles. J Reprod Fertil 94:45–55.
Dube GD, Dwaraknath PK, Vyas KK. 1982. Lactic dehydrogenase in relation to semen quality. Ind J Dairy Sci 35:80–82.
Evans G, Maxwell WMC. 1987. Salamon’s artificial insemination of sheep and goats. University press; Sydney, NSW, Australia:
Farshad A, Akhondzadeh S, Zamiri MJ, Sadeghi GA. 2008. The estrous cycle of the Markhoz goat in Iran. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci 21:1411–1415.
Greyling JPC, Grobbelaar JAN. 1983. Seasonal variation in semen quality of Boer and Angora goat rams using different collection techniques. S Afr J Anim Sci 13:250–252.
Hammoudi SM, Ait-Amrane A, Belhamiti TB, Khiati B, Niar A, Guetarni D. 2010. Seasonal variations of sexual activity of local bucks in western Algeria. African J Biotechnol 9:3362–368.
Ibrahim SA. 1997. Seasonal variations in semen quality of local and crossbred rams raised in United Arab Emirates. Anim Repro Sci 49:161–167.
Karagiannidis A, Varsakeli S, Karatzas G. 2000. Characteristics and seasonal variations in the semen of Alpine, Saanen and Damascus goat bucks born and raised in Greece. Theriogenology 53:1285–1293.
La Falci VSN, Tortorella H, Rodrigues JL, Brandelli A. 2002. Seasonal variation of goat seminal plasma proteins. Theriogenology 57:1035–1048.
Littlell RC, Henry PR, Ammerman CB. 1998. Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J Anim Sci 76:1216–1231.
Loubser PG, Van Niekerk CH. 1983. Seasonal changes in sexual activity and semen quality in the Angora ram. 2. Semen volume, quality and freezability. S Afr J Anim Sci 13:161–163.
Moss DW, Handerson AR. 1994. Lactate ehydrogenase, 2nd Ed., Textbook of clinical chemistry, chapter 20. Enzymes 812–818.
Mendoza G, White IG, Chow P. 1989. Studies of chemical components of Angora goat seminal plasma. Theriogenology 32:455–466.
NRC. 1981. Nutrient requirement of domestic animals, Nutrient requirements of goats: Angora, dairy and meat goats in temperate and tropical countries. National Academy Press; Washington, DC:
Perez Llano B, Mateos Rex E. 1994. Influence of photoperiod on the secretion of testosterone as a response to sexual stimulus in male goats. Theriogenology 42:127–135.
Perez B, Mateos E. 1996. Effect of photoperiod on semen production and quality in bucks of Verata and Malaguena breeds. Small Rumin Res 22:163–168.
Roca J, Martinez E, Sanchez-Valverde MA, Ruiz S, Vazquez JM. 1992a. Seasonal variations of semen quality in male goats: study of sperm abnormalities. Theriogenology 38:115–125.
Roca J, Martinez E, Vazquez JM, Coy P. 1992b. Characteristics and seasonal variations in the semen of Murciano-Granadina goats in the Mediterranean area. Anim Reprod Sci 29:255–262.
Sirat MP, Sinha AK, Singh BK, Prasad L. 1996. Effect of cryoprotectants on release of various enzymes from buck spermatozoa during freezing. Theriogenology 45:405–416.
Stamatiadis K, Karayanidis A, Tsakalof P. 1984. Relationship between LDH activity in seminal plasma and viability of ram spermatozoa. The male in farm animal reproduction. Courot M, editorMartinus-Nijhoff publishers; Boston: p. 257–263.
SAS. 1999. SAS/STAT User’s Guide International Ver 8.02. SAS Institute, Inc; Cary, NC, USA:
Talebi J, Souri M, Moghaddam A, Karimi I, Mirmahmoodi M. 2009. Characteristics and seasonal variation in the semen of Markhoz bucks in western Iran. Small Rumin Res 85:18–22.
Todini L, Malfatti A, Terzano GM, Borghese A, Pizzillo M, Debenedetti A. 2007. Seasonality of plasma testosterone in male of four Mediterranean goat breeds and in three different climatic conditions. Theriogenology 67:627–631.
Tuli RK, Holtz W. 1992. The effect of season on seminal characters in Boer goat bucks in the Northern temperate zone. Recent Advances in Goat Production. In : Proc. Papers presented at 5th Int. Conf. on Goats; New Dehli Indian. p. 1195–1200.
Zarei MA, Farshad A, Akhondzadeh S. 2009. Variations in thyroidal activity during estrous cycle and natural breeding season in Markhoz goat breeds. Pakistan J Biol Sci 12:211420–1424.
Zamiri MJ, Heidari AH. 2006. Reproductive characteristics of Rayini male goats of Kerman province in Iran. Anim Reprod Sci 96:176–185.
Zamiri MJ, Khodaei HR. 2005. Seasonal changes in breeding activity, tesricular size, testosterone concentration and seminal characteristics in rams with long or short breeding season. Anim Reprod Sci 88:245–255.